Technology and Quality of Life of Older People in Times of COVID: A Qualitative Study on Their Changed Digital Profile.

The situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic brought negative consequences such as social isolation, limited access to routine health and social care services, and lack of self-esteem, especially for older people. In this context, technology took on an important role as the main means of communication and service delivery. The main objective of this study is to analyze the situation of the elderly and their access to technological resources in the time of COVID-19. Based on a qualitative methodology, 58 semi-structured interviews were conducted with people between 65 and 90 years old in Portugal. The results reveal specific difficulties in the use of this type of digital devices and a change in the digital use profile of this age group, characterized by more frequent use of digital devices such as smartphones, the incorporation of certain services such as video calls, and uses associated with communication and entertainment. This study shows that attitudes toward technology among the elderly should be studied further, and these results should be considered to develop and implement training programs specially designed for this age group in order to contribute to their well-being and quality of life.

[Systematic review of digital technology acceptance in older adults. Perspective of TAM models]. / Revisión sistemática de aceptación de la tecnología digital en personas mayores. Perspectiva de los modelos TAM.

In this study, a systematic review of researches published about the determining factors in the intention of the use of devices and digital technology in older adults has been carried out. The technology acceptance model is the framework used. The main result of the analysis of 60 scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 has been summarized after a bibliographic research and a subsequent selection process in the most important bibliographic databases: Web of Science (n=45), Scopus (n=66) and Google Scholar (n=224). It has been proved the predominance of quantitative studies with a prevalence of study factors that associate the intention to use technology with: Facilitating conditions, experience, health, social support, emotions, perceived enjoyment, perceived satisfaction in using technology, anxiety, perceived risk, motivation, cost, subjective norm and social influence. The results of the systematic review allow us to conclude the urgent need to incorporate new research on the identification and influence of these factors that stand between older adults and technology, as possible barriers or facilitators of use.

Revisión sistemática de aceptación de la tecnología digital en personas mayores. Perspectiva de los modelos TAM / Systematic review of digital technology acceptance in older adults. Perspective of TAM models

En el presente estudio se realiza una revisión sistemática de investigaciones publicadas sobre los factores determinantes en la intención de uso de dispositivos y tecnología digital en las personas mayores desde el enfoque de los modelos de aceptación tecnológica. Tras una búsqueda bibliográfica y un posterior proceso de selección en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas Web of Science (n=45), Scopus (n=66) y Google Scholar (n=224), se resumen los principales resultados de 60 artículos científicos publicados entre 2010 y 2020. Se comprueba el predominio de estudios cuantitativos con una prevalencia de factores de estudio que asocian la intención de uso tecnológico con: condiciones facilitadoras, experiencia, salud percibida, apoyo social, emociones, disfrute y satisfacción percibida al utilizar tecnología, ansiedad, riesgo percibido, motivación, coste, norma subjetiva e influencia social. Los resultados de la revisión sistemática permiten concluir la necesidad de valorar la identificación e influencia en la adaptación funcional de estos factores que se interponen entre los mayores y la tecnología, como posibles barreras o facilitadores de uso. (AU)

In this study, a systematic review of researches published about the determining factors in the intention of the use of devices and digital technology in older adults has been carried out. The technology acceptance model is the framework used. The main result of the analysis of 60 scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 has been summarized after a bibliographic research and a subsequent selection process in the most important bibliographic databases: Web of Science (n=45), Scopus (n=66) and Google Scholar (n=224). It has been proved the predominance of quantitative studies with a prevalence of study factors that associate the intention to use technology with: Facilitating conditions, experience, health, social support, emotions, perceived enjoyment, perceived satisfaction in using technology, anxiety, perceived risk, motivation, cost, subjective norm and social influence. The results of the systematic review allow us to conclude the urgent need to incorporate new research on the identification and influence of these factors that stand between older adults and technology, as possible barriers or facilitators of use. (AU)

Living Senior Labs, ecosistemas de co-creación e innovación abierta con personas mayores: revisión sistemática de la literatura en Ciencias Sociales / Living Senior Labs, co-criação e ecossistemas de inovação aberta com idosos: revisão sistemática da literatura em Ciências Sociais / Living Senior Labs, ecosystems of co-creation and open innovation with older people: a systematic review on Social Science literature

Los Living Labs son experiencias colaborativas que buscan implicar a la ciudadanía en la gobernanza científica y la evaluación de tecnologías. A pesar de su interés, se sabe muy poco sobre estas comunidades, su funcionamiento, tipología y características. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre de un tipo particular de Living Lab, orientado hacia las personas mayores: los Living Senior Labs. A partir de una búsqueda general en las principales bases de datos científicas (WOS y Scopus), y de la aplicación de criterios de inclusión preestablecidos tras la primera selección quedaron finalmente seleccionados 19 estudios sobre Senior Labs (2010 y 2021). Los resultados proporcionan un mejor conocimiento de este tipo de ecosistemas y crean una base firme para avanzar en el conocimiento de este campo. (AU)

Os Living Labs são experiências colaborativas que procuram envolver os cidadãos na governança científica e na avaliação tecnológica. Apesar de seu interesse, muito pouco se sabe sobre essas comunidades, seu funcionamento, tipologia e características. Portanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre um tipo particular de Living Lab, orientado para os idosos: os Living Senior Labs. Com base em uma pesquisa geral nos principais bancos de dados científicos (WOS e Scopus) e na aplicação de critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos, foram selecionados 19 estudos sobre os Senior Labs (2010 a 2021). Os resultados proporcionam uma melhor compreensão deste tipo de ecossistema e criam uma base firme para o avanço do conhecimento neste campo. (AU)

Living Labs are collaborative experiences that seek to involve citizens in scientific governance and technology assessment. In spite of their interest, very little is known about these communities, their functioning, typology and characteristics. Thus, a systematic literature review was carried out about a particular type of Living Lab, oriented towards the elderly: Living Senior Labs. Based on a general search in the main scientific databases (WOS and Scopus), and the application of pre-established inclusion criteria, 19 studies about Senior Labs were selected (2010 to 2021). The results provide a more comprehensive understanding of this type of ecosystem and create a strong foundation for progress in the knowledge of this area. (AU)

Teoria da atividade: fundamento para estudo e desenho do blended learning / Théorie de lactivité: fondement de létude et de la conception du blended learning / Teoría de la actividad: fundamento para estudio y diseño del blended learning / Activity theory: fundamentals for study and design of blended learning

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é explorar a teoria da atividade como um referencial teórico interdisciplinar adequado, situando os elementos sociais, pedagógicos e tecnológicos do blended learning no ensino superior, considerando a adoção e a efetividade do blended learning, que constitui a nova normalidade no atual contexto de presença e uso intensivo de tecnologias digitais na educação. Conclui-se a validade internacional da teoria da atividade e sua permanente transformação e evolução histórica, desde suas origens até os dias atuais, oferecendo transcender o caráter individual em direção a um caráter coletivo, representando adequadamente os elementos sociais, tecnológicos e histórico-culturais presentes em toda atividade formativa.

Résumé L'objectif de cette étude est d'explorer la théorie de l'activité comme cadre théorique interdisciplinaire approprié, tout en situant les éléments sociaux, pédagogiques et technologiques du blended learning dans l'enseignement supérieur et tenant compte que l'adoption du blended learning et son efficacité constituent la nouvelle normalité dans le contexte actuel d'usage intensif des technologies numériques dans l'éducation. La conclusion est que la validité internationale de la théorie de l'activité, avec sa transformation permanente et son évolution historique, depuis ses origines jusqu'à nos jours, nous permet de transcender son caractère individuel vers un caractère collectif et représenter adéquatement les éléments sociaux, technologiques et historico-culturels présents dans toute activité de formation.

Resumen El propósito es explorar la teoría de la actividad como referente teórico interdisciplinar adecuado, donde se sitúan los elementos sociales, pedagógicos y tecnológicos del blended learning en la educación superior, considerando que la adopción y efectividad del blended learning lo han constituido en el nuevo normal, en el actual contexto de presencia y uso intensivos de tecnologías digitales en educación. Se concluye en la validez internacional de la teoría de la actividad y su permanente transformación y evolución histórica desde sus orígenes hasta la época actual, ofrece transcender el carácter individual hacia un carácter colectivo, representando adecuadamente los elementos sociales, tecnológicos e histórico-culturales presentes en toda actividad formativa.

Abstract The objective is to explore activity theory as a suitable interdisciplinary theoretical framework, where to place the social, pedagogical and technological elements of blended learning in higher education and considering the adoption and effectiveness of blended learning, constituting the new normality, in the current context of presence and intensive use of digital technologies in education. It concludes on the international validity of the theory of activity and its permanent transformation and historical evolution from its origins to the present day, it allows to transcend the individual character towards a collective character, adequately representing the social, technological and historical-cultural elements present throughout the formative activity.

Modelo predictivo de la intención de adopción de Blended learning en profesores universitarios / Predictive Model of the Intention to Adopt Blended Learning in a University Setting

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la intención de uso de la modalidad instructiva blended learning por parte de profesores universitarios, a partir del diseño de un modelo predictivo, tomando como aportes teóricos la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (Theory of Planned Behavior), los modelos de aceptación tecnológica (TAM) y la Teoría de la Difusión de Innovaciones (Innovation Diffussion Theory). El modelo teórico planteado está constituido por seis constructos: Utilidad Percibida, Facilidad percibida de Uso, Compatibilidad, Imagen Social, Norma o Influencia Social e Intención de Uso. En el estudio participaron 486 profesores de diferentes universidades españolas. Para el tratamiento de los datos se realizaron Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y análisis causal, conforme al enfoque de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con estimación de parámetros, utilizando el método de Máxima Verosimilitud (ML) para el contraste de las relaciones estructurales propuestas. Los resultados revelan que los factores del modelo explican el 41% de la variabilidad de la intención de uso de blended learning en los profesores. Esta intención de adoptar b-learning está positivamente afectada por dos determinantes principales, de un lado, la utilidad percibida sobre la mejora de la práctica docente (valor estandarizado = 0.54, p < 0.001) y la existencia de condiciones favorables (recursos y equipamientos técnicos, humanos, etc.) de la propia universidad para su implementación (β = 0.26, p < 0.001).

The objective of this study is to analyze the intention of the use of the instructional modality blended learning to be used by academics as a predictive model using theoretical contributions from the Theory of Planned Behavior (Theory of Planned Behavior), models of acceptance technology (TAM) and the theory of diffusion of innovation (Innovation diffusion Theory). The theoretical model proposed consists of six constructs: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility Social Image, Social Influence and Intended Use. The study included 486 teachers from different Spanish universities. The data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Causal analysis was also utilized, conforming to structural equation approach (SEM), with parameter estimations using the maximum likelihood method (ML) for the contrast of the proposed structural relationships. The results reveal that the model factors explained 41% of the variability of the intended use of blended learning. The intention to adopt b-learning is positively affected by two main determinants, on one side the perceived usefulness of improving teaching practice (standardized value = 0.54, p <0.001) and on the other the existence of favorable conditions (resources and technical equipment, human, etc.) of the university for its implementation (β = 0.26, p < 0.001).