RESUMO
Actualmente, la puesta en marcha de programas de atención a la mujer embarazada ha permitido la realización sistemática de pruebas de screening que hacen posible conocer antes del parto el estado de salud del feto. A lo largo de los últimos 15 años se han realizado relevantes progresos diagnósticos en medicina materno-fetal, y frecuente mente encontramos nuevas aportaciones que son motivo de controversia a la hora de incluirlos en programas de salud, valorando su aplicabilidad y coste-efectividad o eficiencia. La facilidad de acceso a información científica es, en ocasiones, fuente de confusión para el profesional y el paciente, por lo que a través de este artículo intentamos sintetizar la evidencia científica en cuanto a coste-efectividad y aplicabilidad de las estrategias actualmente asequibles de detección prenatal precoz, para que el profesional pueda contar con argumentos coherentes que ofrecer desde su consulta de Atención Primaria (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento , Diabetes Gestacional/complicações , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Doenças Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , HIV/fisiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Gravidez Múltipla/fisiologia , Trissomia/fisiopatologia , Trissomia/diagnósticoRESUMO
We have the stage (or condition) of the tuberculous infection in a groups of 1,450 Schoolchildren aged between 6 and 13 years living in Madrid during the school-year 1988/89. For this we used the PPD-RT 23 tuberculin applying 2UT and considering as positive those reactions which were equal or greater 10mm. The prevalence of the tuberculous infection was 1.47% for children aged 6 years and acquire 4.3% for those aged 13 years with greater risk of 3.02 to acquire the infection in the children aged of thirteen in opposition with those of six years. There are no significant statistical significant statistical differences between boys and girls, nor between private and public colleges. We also found that the annual increment of the infection for the vaccinated-children was of 0.14%, while in no vaccinated it was of 0.64%, being of 0.41% for the whole group. The finally we emphasized the existence of a clear increment of the tuberculous infection related to age-group, being the risk of infection greater in no-vaccinated children aged of 13 and from the other part the necessity to amplify the time duration of this type of studies in order to calculate the RAI in Madrid.
