Sport fishing and vessel pressure on the endangered cetacean Delphinus delphis. Towards an international agreement of micro-sanctuary for its conservation.

Delphinus delphis Linnaeus 1758 is considered an endangered species in the Mediterranean. The species is resident in the Bay of Algeciras - Gibraltar (southern Spain; waters partially shared with Gibraltar, UK). This area is subject to strong anthropogenic pressure, but with an input of renewed waters in its central area. During three consecutive years (March 2017-March 2020), sightings were observed concentrated along the submarine canyon that runs north to south across the bay, forming a "specular S″ with a maximum depth of 460 m. The pods of Dd showed a continuous or semi-continuous spatial distribution along the vertical axis of the submarine canyon, where they feed, mate, breed and rear calves in a well-defined area that constitutes a critical habitat. This area has been cartographically delimited, choosing the area of maximum dolphin frequency as highly vulnerable due to the possibility of collisions with small vessels (<15 m) and interactions with sport fishing activities (popping, ballooning, trolling) which constitute the main threat counting the derived impacts from noise pollution. Spatio-temporal mapping has been developed to visualize the overlapping between the dolphin groups and small vessels. Mapping analysis has shown that an international Spanish-British micro-sanctuary urgently needs to be established in order to create a protected area specifically for the common dolphins, and for other species which inhabit/use the waters between Spain and Gibraltar. Coordinates and a delimited surface area have been proposed in this paper.

El TPL en la adolescencia: Propuesta de intervención grupal desde las USMI-J de Alicante / Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence: Proposal of Group Intervention in USMI-J in Alicant

El Trastorno de Personalidad Límite (TPL), es el más frecuente de los trastornos de personalidad y uno de los más severos por el deterioro global que genera. Presenta una amplia variabilidad sintomática y una elevada comorbilidad, por lo que consume una gran cantidad de recursos sanitarios. El inicio de este trastorno se sitúa en la adolescencia tardía, por lo que las unidades de salud mental infanto-juvenil (USMI-J) juegan un papel relevante en el diagnóstico e intervención precoces. En este artículo describimos la clínica, las dificultades para un diagnóstico precoz y controversias acerca del mismo, a pesar de que en la investigación reciente es cada vez más aceptado. Posteriormente se describen las intervenciones psicológicas más relevantes que han mostrado eficacia para el TPL y su adaptación a la población adolescente. Destacamos iniciativas desarrolladas en nuestro país, sobre todo a nivel de terapia grupal combinada con la individual y por último se propone una intervención grupal específica para mejorar el tratamiento que reciben en las USMI-J de Alicante

Borderline personality disorder (BPD), is the most frequent of personality disorders, and one of the most severe in global impairment. It shows huge symptomatic variability and high comorbidity rate, so that it spends a big amount of public health service resources. The beginning of this disorder takes place in late adolescence, so Child and Adolescent Mental Health Units (USMI-J) have a relevant role in early diagnosis and intervention. In this article, we describe clinics, early diagnosis difficulties and controversies about it; although in recent investigation it is gradually more accepted. We describe the most relevant psychotherapeutic interventions useful in BPD and its adaptation for adolescent population. We remark initiatives developed in our country, most of all in combination of group and individual therapy, and finally, it is proposed a specific group intervention in order to improve treatment in USMI-J in Alicante

Habilidades parentales para padres con trastorno mental: una prevención necesaria / Parental habilities for parents with mental disorders: a necessary prevention

Pese a que las recomendaciones generales de salud indican la importancia de priorizar el desarrollo de programas de prevención, desde salud mental se tiende, a focalizar la atención en la parte más asistencial, de trinchera. En las unidades de salud mental infantil, al intervenir en la edad pediátrica, se podría considerar que ya se está realizando la tarea preventiva de esos futuros adultos. La presencia de psicopatología en uno o ambos padres puede comprometer la salud mental de los hijos por la exposición a pautas desadaptativas de crianza y problemas en la vinculación afectiva. En algunos países ya se está invirtiendo recursos en apoyar y mejorar las habilidades parentales de pacientes con Trastorno Mental de las Unidades de Salud Mental de Adultos como medida protectora y por tanto preventiva de estos menores en riesgo. En este trabajo se revisa la relevancia de la crianza saludable y el establecimiento de una vinculación segura para el desarrollo de una correcta salud mental. Se describen iniciativas llevadas a cabo con el objetivo de prevenir alteraciones en los hijos de personas con Trastorno Mental. Y tras este análisis, conscientes de la importancia preventiva de intervenir en este ámbito, desde nuestra Unidad de Salud Mental Infantil, proponemos realizar de forma grupal un trabajo de fortalecimiento de lazos vinculares y pautas de crianza en padres usuarios de los servicios de salud mental y los dispositivos de las Unidades de Conductas Adictivas

Although the general health recommendations indicate the importance of prioritizing the development of prevention programs, in mental health services we tend to focus the attention only on care. In child mental health units, as we intervene on children, we could think that the preventive task is being performed for these future adults The presence of psychopathology in one or both parents may compromise the mental health of children from exposure to aladaptive patterns of parenting and bonding problems. Some countries are already investing resources to support and improve parenting skills for patients with a mental disorder as a protective and preventive action for these children at risk. In this paper we discuss the importance of healthy parenting and the establishment of a secure attachment for the development of a proper mental health. It describes initiatives taken in order to prevent disturbances in children whose parents have a mental disorder.And after this analysis, aware of the importance of preventive actions in this field, from our Children's Mental Health Unit, we propose to work with groups of parents from Adult Mental Health and Addictive Behaviour Units to strengthen attachment and improve parenting skills