Automatic Detection of Fiducial Landmarks Toward the Development of an Application for Digitizing the Locations of EEG Electrodes: Occipital Structure Sensor-Based Work.

The reconstruction of electrophysiological sources within the brain is sensitive to the constructed head model, which depends on the positioning accuracy of anatomical landmarks known as fiducials. In this work, we propose an algorithm for the automatic detection of fiducial landmarks of EEG electrodes on the 3D human head model. Our proposal combines a dimensional reduction approach with a perspective projection from 3D to 2D object space; the eye and ear automatic detection in a 2D face image by two cascades of classifiers and geometric transformations to obtain 3D spatial coordinates of the landmarks and to generate the head coordinate system, This is accomplished by considering the characteristics of the scanner information. Capturing the 3D model of the head is done with Occipital Inc. ST01 structure sensor and the implementation of our algorithm was carried out on MATLAB R2018b using the Computer Vision Toolbox and the FieldTrip Toolbox. The experimental results were aimed at recursively exploring the efficacy of the facial feature detectors as a function of the projection angle; they show that robust results are obtained in terms of false acceptance rate. Our proposal is an initial step of an approach for the automatic digitization of electrode locations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method detects anatomical facial landmarks automatically, accurately, and rapidly.

Infección con Fasciola hepatica en el ganado y hospederos intermediarios en 10 vaquerías de un municipio occidental de Cuba / Natural Infection with Fasciola hepatica in Host-Snails and Cattle in Ten Dairy Farms from a Western Municipality in Cuba / Infecção com Fascíola hepática no gado e hospedeiros intermediários em 10 leiterias de um município ocidental de Cuba

Resumen La fasciolosis es una trematodosis que afecta fuertemente al ganado de Cuba. Se estudiaron 10 vaquerías del municipio más occidental de Cuba para determinar la prevalencia de esta parasitosis en el ganado y en los hospederos intermediarios. Se recolectaron y estudiaron muestras fecales de 455 vacas lecheras seleccionadas al azar. Las muestras fueron conservadas a -20 oC hasta su estudio. La detección de la infección por Fasciola hepatica fue realizada a partir de un método de Elisa denominado FasciDIG®. El análisis e interpretación de los resultados demostró que 146 muestras fueran positivas a F. hepatica (32,09 %). Todas las vaquerías presentaron animales infectados con rangos de prevalencia entre las vaquerías que oscilaron de 9,5 % al 84 %. También fue posible encontrar las dos especies de hospederos intermediarios de este parásito en Cuba, Galba cubensis y Pseudosuccinea columella. Debe prestarse atención a la prevalencia en bovinos encontrada en este estudio para prevenir la aparición de brotes humanos de esta enfermedad.

Abstract Fasciolosis is a foodborne trematodosis affecting many cattle farms in Cuba. Ten dairy farms in western Cuba were studied to assess the prevalence in both intermediate and definitive hosts. A single stool sample from 455 dairy cows was taken and studied. The animals were randomly selected and the samples were kept at -20oC until infection was determined. Detection of the Fasciola hepatica infection was carried out using a non-commercial sandwich-ELISA called FasciDIG®. Results showed that 146 samples were positive for F. hepatica (32.09%) with every farm testing positive for F. hepatica infection, while prevalence ranged from 9.5% to 84% among farms. It was also possible to detect the presence of the two species of intermediate hosts of this trematode in Cuba, Galba cubensis and Pseudosuccinea columella. Main attention must be given to bovine prevalence found in this study in order to prevent eventual human outbreaks of this disease.

Resumo A fasciolose é uma trematoda que afeta fortemente ao gado de Cuba. Foram estudadas 10 leiterias do município mais ocidental de Cuba para determinar a prevalência desta parasitose no gado e nos hospedeiros intermediários. Se coletaram e estudiaram amostras fecais de 455 vacas leiteiras selecionadas aleatoriamente. As amostras foram conservadas a −20 oC até seu estudo. A detecção da infecção por Fascíola hepática foi realizada a partir de um método de Elisa denominado FasciDIG®. A análise e interpretação dos resultados demonstrou que 146 amostras foram positivas à F. hepática (32,09 %). Todas as leiterias apresentaram animais infectados com rangos de prevalência entre as leiterias que oscilaram de 9,5 % a 84 %. Também foi possível encontrar a duas espécies de hospedeiros intermediários deste parasita em Cuba, Galba cubensis e Pseudosuccinea columella. Deve prestar-se atenção à prevalência em bovinos encontrada neste estudo para prevenir a aparição de surtos humanos desta enfermidade.

Dermatoglifos mas frecuentes en el síndrome de Down: aplicación práctica / Dermatogliphies more frequent in the Down's syndrome: practice aplication

Se estudiaron los dermatoglifos palmares de cincuenta niños con Síndrome de Down y cincuenta niños normales, en edades comprendidas entre cinco y catorce años, con el fin de determinar su utilidad en el diagnóstico del Síndrome de Down. En base al anális de los resultados obtenidos se propone un método diagnóstico que toma en cuenta ocho parámetros y el cual, a diferencia de los hasta ahora propuestos, no requiere de complejas operaciones matematicas ni de largos procesos de computación. Con el se pretende hacer diagnóstico clínico temprano en aquellos casos donde existen algunos rasgos físicos sugerentes, sin pretender sustituir al estudio citogenético, que es el recurso que en definitiva dá el diagnóstico preciso