Caracterización de las formas de interacción entre diferentes actores de una comunidad educativa / Characterization of different forms of interaction among actors of an educational community / Caracterização das formas interação entre diferentes de atores em uma comunidade educacional

Esta investigación propuso caracterizar la interacción entre diferentes actores de una comunidad educativa, utilizando métodos combinados. Participaron veinticinco docentes y cien niños y niñas de 9 y 12 años. La recolección de la información se realizó a través del Registro de Observación de Comportamientos, el Inventario de Reporte de Hostigamiento de Hirchstein, Edstom y Frey (2007) y Grupos de Discusión. A partir del análisis de frecuencias se identificaron el acoso físico y psicológico entre pares en el aula y fuera de ella, y las prácticas de los docentes frente a esta situación. La información de los Grupos de Discusión, analizada a partir de la propuesta de Strauss y Corbin. (2002), permitió comprender los significados que subyacen a las prácticas en las cuales se evidencia el uso del poder y la autoridad para intimidar y controlar al otro. La percepción de impotencia de los participantes no les permite asumirse como sujetos activos frente a esta realidad.

The objective of this research was to understand the interactions between different actors of an educational community using a multi-method approach. The participants were twenty five teachers and one hundred children whose ages were between nine and twelve. Information was collected by means of the Behavioural Observation Record, the Bullying Report Checklist by Hirchstein, Edstom, Frey, Sneill, & Mackenzie (2007) and Discussion Groups. Frequency analysis were carried out in order to identify the prevalence of physical and psychological school bullying among peers inside and outside the classroom as well as the teachers' reactions when facing this kind of situation. The information obtained through the Discussion Groups was analysed through Strauss & Corbin's (2002) approach. That analysis led to understanding the underlying meaning of practices where the use of power and authority to intimidate and control others are evidenced. The participants' perception of impotence doesn't allow them to assume themselves as active subjects when coping with this reality.

Esta pesquisa propõe caracterizar a interação entre diferentes atores de uma comunidade educacional de aprendizagem, utilizando métodos combinados. Participaram vinte e cinco professores e cem meninos e meninas de 9 a 12 anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi feita aplicando o Registro de Observação de Comportamentos, o Inventário de Relatório de Assédio de Hirchstein, Edstom e Frey (2007) e Grupos de discussão. O assédio físico e psicológico entre estudantes na sala de aula e fora dela, e as práticas de professores nessa situação, identificaram-se a partir da análise de freqüências. A informação dos Grupos de discussão, analisada com a proposta de Strauss e Corbin (2002), permitiu-nos compreender os sentidos subjacentes nas práticas em que é evidente o uso do poder e da autoridade para intimidar e controlar o outro. A percepção de impotência dos participantes não lhes permite assumirem-se como sujeitos ativos frente a essa realidade.

[Risk factors leading to failure in myringoplasty: a case-control study]. / Factores de riesgo de fracaso de la miringoplastia: un estudio de casos y controles.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk factors associated with myringoplasty failure among the study population, a case-control study was carried out in 2 tertiary hospital centers. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Patients undergoing tympanic membrane perforation or atelectasis within 3 to 6 months following surgery were considered as cases, otherwise, they were considered to be controls. Patients having undergone any type of ossiculoplasty were excluded. Seventy cases and 210 controls were included, a sample size calculated for the following variables: inflammation at time of surgery, place and size of the tympanic membrane perforation, presence of tympanosclerosis, presence of cholesteatoma, and surgical technique. Odds ratio was calculated as main association measure, a stratified analysis was performed to rule out possible confusion factors. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups respect to the variables for which the sample was calculated. Although in total group the addition of a modified radical mastoidectomy showed better operative results (95 % CI OR = 0.13-0.72; P=.002), in isolated tympanic membrane perforation this association it was loosed (95 % CI OR = 0.06-7.44; P=.81). CONCLUSIONS: Results in this study suggest that the variables for which the sample size was calculated are not associated with myringoplasty failure in this population.

Factores de riesgo de fracaso de la miringoplastia: un estudio de casos y controles / Risk factors leading to failure in myringoplasty: a case-control study

Introducción y objetivos: Para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el fracaso de la miringoplastia en la población estudiada, realizamos un estudio de casos y controles en dos hospitales de tercer nivel. Pacientes y método: Se consideró casos a los pacientes que presentaron perforación o atelectasia de la membrana timpánica entre 3 y 6 meses después de la cirugía, y a los demás se los consideró controles. Se excluyó a los pacientes a quienes se realizó cualquier tipo de osciculoplastia. Se incluyó a 70 casos y 210 controles, un tamaño de muestra calculado para las siguientes variables: inflamación al momento de la cirugía, lugar y tamaño de la perforación timpánica, presencia de timpanosclerosis, presencia de colesteatoma y técnica quirúrgica. La principal medida de asociación utilizada fue la razón de ventajas. Se realizó un análisis estratificado para descartar posibles factores de confusión. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos respecto a las variables para las que se calculó la muestra. Aunque en el grupo total la adición de una mastoidectomía radical modificada mostró mejores resultados (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 % de la odds ratio [OR] = 0,13-0,72; p = 0,002), al analizar las perforaciones timpánicas aisladas, esta asociación se perdió (IC del 95 % de la OR = 0,06-7,44; p = 0,81). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio indican que las variables para las que se calculó el tamaño de muestra no se asocian con fracaso de la miringoplastia en esta población

Introduction and objectives: To determine the risk factors associated with myringoplasty failure among the study population, a case-control study was carried out in 2 tertiary hospital centers. Patients and method: Patients undergoing tympanic membrane perforation or atelectasis within 3 to 6 months following surgery were considered as cases, otherwise, they were considered to be controls. Patients having undergone any type of ossiculoplasty were excluded. Seventy cases and 210 controls were included, a sample size calculated for the following variables: inflammation at time of surgery, place and size of the tympanic membrane perforation, presence of tympanosclerosis, presence of cholesteatoma, and surgical technique. Odds ratio was calculated as main association measure, a stratified analysis was performed to rule out possible confusion factors. Results: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups respect to the variables for which the sample was calculated. Although in total group the addition of a modified radical mastoidectomy showed better operative results (95 % CI OR = 0.13-0.72; P=.002), in isolated tympanic membrane perforation this association it was loosed (95 % CI OR = 0.06-7.44; P=.81). Conclusions: Results in this study suggest that the variables for which the sample size was calculated are not associated with myringoplasty failure in this population