RESUMO
Fundamento: la hipertensión arterial es considerada uno de los tres factores de riesgo más relevantes para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares. Los estilos de vida saludable evitan sus daños. Objetivo: caracterizar los estilos de vida de los pacientes hipertensos del consultorio 7 del área IV del municipio de Cienfuegos. Métodos estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal que incluyó 125 pacientes hipertensos adultos medios (30-59 años), de ellos 65 masculinos y 60 femeninos, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se analizaron las variables edad, color de la piel, estado civil, escolaridad, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, estilos de vida. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes de 50 a 59 años, masculinos, de color de piel no blanca y obesos; en cuanto al estado civil fue más frecuente la unión estable y no existieron diferencias en cuanto al nivel de escolaridad. La hipercolesterolemia y la hipertensión arterial en familiares de primer grado de consanguinidad, principalmente madres y abuelos, fueron los factores más destacados entre los antecedentes de salud. Los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y hábitos tóxicos fueron los más relevantes en los pacientes objeto de estudio. Conclusiones: los estilos de vida de los pacientes hipertensos que participaron en el estudio son no saludables e inadecuados; no existieron diferencias en cuanto al sexo.
Background: high blood pressure is considered one of the three most relevant risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Healthy lifestyles prevent its damage. Objective: to characterize the hypertensive patients' lifestyles in the doctor´s office 7 from area IV of the Cienfuegos' municipality. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 125 average adult hypertensive patients (30-59 years old), 65 male and 60 female, who met the inclusion criteria. The variables age, skin color, marital status, schooling, personal and family pathological history, eating habits and toxic habits were analyzed. Results: hypertensive, male, non-white skin color and obese patients aged 50 to 59 years predominated; In terms of marital status, the stable union was more frequent and there were no differences in terms of education level. Hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension in first-degree relatives, mainly mothers and grandparents, were the most prominent factors among the health history. Inadequate eating habits and toxic habits were the most relevant in the patients under study. Conclusions: the lifestyles of the hypertensive patients who participated in the study are unhealthy and inadequate; there were no differences in terms of sex.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Guthrie's bacterial inhibition assay was used in Cuba, since 1983. A decentralized program for the newborn screening of hyperphenylalaninemias started in the year 2000 using an ultramicro-fluorometric test (UMTEST PKU). METHODS: A simple and rapid ultramicro-fluorometric test based on McCaman and Robin's method has been designed, developed and applied for the measurement of Phe in dried blood spots on filter paper. RESULTS: The UMTEST PKU exhibited an acceptable precision and accuracy. Samples of 27528 newborns on filter paper Schleicher & Schuell 903 (S&S 903) from the National neonatal screening program were collected and analyzed, and the mean Phe concentration was 66.5 micromol/l. Our assay showed high Pearson and concordance correlations with 2 commercially available kits. A total of 521923 Cuban newborns were studied from the year 2000 to 2007 using the UMTEST PKU. Elevated blood phenylalanine levels were found in 1764 infants (0.34%) and no false negative were noted. Ten cases were diagnosed with phenylketonuria, all of them with an initial phenylalanine concentration over 360 micromol/l. CONCLUSIONS: The analytical performance characteristics of our assay and its use in the National program have demonstrated its suitability for the neonatal screening of PKU.
