Management of breech presentation at term: a retrospective cohort study of 10 years of experience.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of management of childbirth (external cephalic version (ECV) plus planned vaginal delivery (PVD)) of breech presentation at term (⩾37 weeks of gestation). STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study was based on data collected of singleton breech presentations at term in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Service, Cruces University Hospital (Biscay, Spain), from January 2003 to December 2012. RESULT: We attended 2377 singleton breech pregnancies at term. We attended 1684 singleton breech term deliveries, attempting vaginal delivery after selection in 52.9% of cases and were successful in 57.5% of attempts. A total of 1360 ECV were attempted, with a success rate of 50.3% of those attempted. The use of ECV has decreased the rate of breech presentation at delivery by 39.0%, the rate of breech presentation as a caesarean section (CS) indication by 47.1% (CS due to breech presentation/total of CS) and the rate of CS for breech presentation out of the total of deliveries by 39.1% (CS due to breech presentation/total of deliveries). Early postnatal parameters (5-min Apgar score, umbilical cord arterial pH and acid-base analysis) were significantly lower following PVD compared with planned CS for breech presentation. However, we did not find any differences in the rates of admissions to the neonatal unit or neonatal mortality. CONCLUSION: Management of breech presentation with a protocol that includes ECV, careful selection criteria and active management of vaginal delivery achieve a great decrease in the rate of CS for breech presentation.

Atención del parto en el agua. Consenso de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología y de la Sección de Medicina Perinatal de la Sociedad Española de Obstetricia y Ginecología / Underwater delivery. Consensus of the Spanish Neonatology Society and the Perinatal Section of the Spanish Obstetrics and Gynecology Society

La atención del trabajo de parto en el agua como alternativa al parto tradicional es una práctica que se ha incrementado en muchos países. Se ha constatado que esta modalidad de parto es un método eficaz para disminuir el dolor y acortar el tiempo de dilatación. La American Academy of Pediatrics y The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists han publicado un informe clínico en el cual señalan los potenciales beneficios maternos durante la primera parte del parto pero ponen en entredicho la realización de esta técnica durante el expulsivo y el nacimiento del recién nacido. En este informe, la Sociedad Española de Neonatología y la Sociedad Española de Obstetricia y Ginecología analizan la evidencia científica disponible en la actualidad sobre la realización del parto bajo agua y el impacto que puede tener esta práctica en la madre y sobre todo en la salud del recién nacido

Immersion in water during labor and delivery as an alternative to traditional delivery is a practice that has increased in many countries. This technique is effective in reducinge pain and duration of labor. The American Academy of Pediatrics and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have published a clinical report which indicates the potential maternal benefits during the first stage of labor but, questions the performance ofthis technique during delivery and birth of the newborn. In this report, the Spanish Society of Neonatology and the Spanish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology analyze the current scientific evidence on water immersion delivery, and the impact this practice could have in the mother and especially in the wellbeing of newborn

[Underwater delivery. Consensus of the Spanish Neonatology Society and the Perinatal Section of the Spanish Obstetrics and Gynecology Society]. / Atención del parto en el agua. Consenso de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología y de la Sección de Medicina Perinatal de la Sociedad Española de Obstetricia y Ginecología.

Immersion in water during labor and delivery as an alternative to traditional delivery is a practice that has increased in many countries. This technique is effective in reducing pain and duration of labor. The American Academy of Pediatrics and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have published a clinical report which indicates the potential maternal benefits during the first stage of labor but, questions the performance of this technique during delivery and birth of the newborn. In this report, the Spanish Society of Neonatology and the Spanish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology analyze the current scientific evidence on water immersion delivery, and the impact this practice could have in the mother and especially in the wellbeing of newborn.

Is external cephalic version at term contraindicated in previous caesarean section? A prospective comparative cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if external cephalic version (ECV) can be performed with safety and efficacy in women with previous caesarean section. DESIGN: Prospective comparative cohort study. SETTING: Cruces University Hospital (Spain). POPULATION: Single pregnancy with breech presentation at term. METHODS: We compared 70 ECV performed in women with previous caesarean section with 387 ECV performed in multiparous women (March 2002 to June 2012). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success rate, complications of the ECV and caesarean section rate. RESULTS: The success rate of ECV in women after previous caesarean section was 67.1% versus 66.1% in multiparous women (P = 0.87). The logistic regression analysis confirmed this result (odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.52-1.68; P = 0.82) adjusted by the variables associated with success of ECV. There were no complications in the previous caesarean section cohort. The vaginal delivery rate in the previous caesarean section cohort was 52.8% versus 74.9% in the multiparous cohort (P < 0.01). There were no cases of uterine rupture. CONCLUSION: Based on our data, we conclude that complications are uncommon with ECV in women with previous caesarean section, with a success rate comparable to that of multiparous women. Uterine scar should not be considered a contraindication and ECV should be offered to women with previous caesarean section with breech presentation at term.

Position of the Spanish Menopause Society regarding the management of perimenopause.

Perimenopause is an imprecise period in woman over 40 years of age, which comprises the time between the moment that the first changes in the menstrual cycle appear and the year following the definitive cessation of the menses. Besides irregular bleeding, many women also complain of hot flashes and other characteristic symptoms of postmenopause. Moreover, most of them are concerned about the future impact that these events may have on their health, such as needing health exams or continuing to use contraceptive methods. A panel of experts from the Spanish Menopause Society has met to establish diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for this period based on the best available evidence.

Estrogen-related genes and postmenopausal osteoporosis risk.

BACKGROUND: To date, more than 150 candidate genes related to osteoporosis have been described, but osteoporosis has increasingly been considered a polygenic disease modulated by environmental factors. It is thought that osteoporosis predisposition, pathology, and treatment response depend on the interaction between different genes or between genes and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the estrogen metabolic pathway and the development of osteoporosis and to determine whether this relationship is monogenic or whether interactions between genes exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicentric study with 1980 postmenopausal Spanish women in five Spanish communities was conducted. The women completed a specific questionnaire that inquired about risk factors for osteoporosis. Data on participants' bone mineral density were obtained with dual-energy X-ray densitometers, and genetic data were obtained from frozen peripheral blood. RESULTS: The digenic protection combinations indicated involvement of the wild-type genotype (WT) of the 3'UTR marker for the CYP19A1 gene, the IVS4 marker of the same gene, and the BMP15 and FSHR genes. Among patients who carried two or more of the genotypes considered 'risky', the triple combination among markers of the ESR2 and NRIP1 genes with any of the two mutations of the analyzed markers of the BMP15 gene gave a mean T-score value of -2.32±0.91 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Variants of the new candidate genes (NRIP and BMP15) can predispose patients to osteoporosis.

[Capillary blood flow as an index of the therapeutic effect of folinic acid in ischemia-reperfusion syndrome]. / El flujo como indicador del efecto terapéutico del ácido folínico en la isquemia-reperfusión.

OBJECTIVE: An intestinal reperfusion study with two aims: a) to assess the usefulness of intestinal capillary blood flow measurement by laser-Doppler for intestinal reperfusion studies; and b) to compare the effects of racemic and levo forms of folinic acid in treating the syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A murine model of intestinal ischemia by completely clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 90 minutes. A comparison was made of three treatment groups: saline, folinic acid, and levo-folinic acid. The following factors were analyzed: changes in biochemical parameters (levels of creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase at 60 minutes, and at two and seven days after restoring blood flow), capillary flow in the jejunum and ileum by laser-Doppler (during ischemia and after the first hour of reperfusion), intestinal mucosa injury, and survival curve. RESULTS: Laser-Doppler provided reliable data on how the different treatments affected capillary flow during intestinal reperfusion. Levo-folinic acid improved capillary flow in the ileum after 25 minutes of reperfusion, and also reduced mucosal injury in the same stretch of intestine by the seventh day post-reperfusion (p<0.05). On the other hand, it produced an initial increase in serum enzymes during reperfusion, and did not modify survival. CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed in intestinal capillary blood flow measurement by laser-Doppler have similarities with the effects of drugs on pathological mucosal changes. We could not prove that the levo form of folinic acid has a stronger protective effect versus racemic folinic acid in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion syndrome.

El flujo como indicador del efecto terapéutico del ácido folínico en la isquemia-reperfusión / Capillary blood flow as an index of the therapeutic effect of folinic acid in ischemia-reperfusion syndrome

Objetivo: estudio sobre reperfusión intestinal con una doble finalidad: a) valorar la utilidad de la medición del flujo capilar intestinal mediante láser-doppler para el estudio de la reperfusión intestinal; y b) comparar el efecto de las formas racémica y levo del ácido folínico en su tratamiento. Diseño experimental: modelo murino de isquemia intestinal mediante clampaje completo de la arteria mesentérica superior durante 90 minutos. Se compara la evolución de tres grupos de tratamiento: suero salino, ácido folínico y ácido levofolínico. Se analiza la evolución de parámetros bioquímicos (niveles de creatín kinasa, láctico deshidrogenasa y fosfatasa alcalina a los 60 minutos y dos y siete días de restablecer el flujo sanguíneo), flujo capilar en yeyuno e íleon mediante láser-doppler (durante isquemia y tras primera hora de reperfusión), lesión mucosa intestinal, y curva de supervivencia. Resultados: el láser-doppler permitió analizar con fiabilidad el efecto de los tratamientos sobre el flujo capilar durante reperfusión intestinal. El ácido levofolínico mejoró el flujo capilar en el íleon a partir de los 25 minutos de reperfusión, a la vez que disminuyó la lesión mucosa en el mismo tramo intestinal el séptimo día de evolución (p < 0,05). En cambio, produjo un aumento inicial de los enzimas séricos durante la reperfusión, y no modificó la supervivencia. Conclusiones: los cambios en la microcirculación valorados con láser-doppler han mostrado cierta relación con las variaciones observadas en los estudios anatomopatológicos. No se ha podido demostrar que la forma levo del ácido folínico ejerza mayor protección que el compuesto racémico

Objective: an intestinal reperfusion study with two aims: a) to assess the usefulness of intestinal capillary blood flow measurement by laser-Doppler for intestinal reperfusion studies; and b) to compare the effects of racemic and levo forms of folinic acid in treating the syndrome. Experimental design: a murine model of intestinal ischemia by completely clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 90 minutes. A comparison was made of three treatment groups: saline, folinic acid, and levo-folinic acid. The following factors were analyzed: changes in biochemical parameters (levels of creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase at 60 minutes, and at two and seven days after restoring blood flow), capillary flow in the jejunum and ileum by laser-Doppler (during ischemia and after the first hour of reperfusion), intestinal mucosa injury, and survival curve. Results: laser-Doppler provided reliable data on how the different treatments affected capillary flow during intestinal reperfusion. Levo-folinic acid improved capillary flow in the ileum after 25 minutes of reperfusion, and also reduced mucosal injury in the same stretch of intestine by the seventh day post-reperfusion (p < 0.05). On the other hand, it produced an initial increase in serum enzymes during reperfusion, and did not modify survival. Conclusions: the changes observed in intestinal capillary blood flow measurement by laser-Doppler have similarities with the effects of drugs on pathological mucosal changes. We could not prove that the levo form of folinic acid has a stronger protective effect versus racemic folinic acid in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion syndrome

Embarazo cervical: evolución del tratamiento diagnostico terapéutico en una década / Cervical ectopic pregnancy: changes in diagnosis and management over a ten-year period

Presentamos 2 casos de embarazo ectópico cervical en un período de 10 años. Con la introducción de la exploración ecográfica vaginal la evolución de los métodos diagnósticos ha experimentado un cambio importante en cuanto al tratamiento de estas pacientes. Con esta técnica se consigue un diagnóstico temprano y, si el estado de la paciente lo permite, un tratamiento conservador con metotrexato (intrasacular o intravenoso) mediante el que se logra conservar el útero y mantener la fertilidad posterior. Por otro lado, la utilización de la exploración ecográfica vaginal evita la histerectomía de urgencia que solía ser necesaria en la mayoría de los casos. (AU)

Síndrome de Prune-Belly / Prune-Belly syndrome

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Tratamiento clásico en dos gestaciones heterotópicas / Classic treatment in two heterotopic pregnancies

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