[Death causes in 428 alcoholic patients: a descriptive study]. / Estudio sobre causas de mortalidad de 428 pacientes alcohólicos.

Several studies have demonstrated either a direct or an indirect relationship between alcoholism and death causes. The present paper is a descriptive study about death causes in 428 alcoholic patients from San José, Costa Rica, metropolitan area, whose death occurred between 1978 and 1988. Sample subjects were males, under 90-year-old at death time. It was found out that basic death causes were: Traumatism and poisoning, 25%; circulatory system illnesses, 20%; digestive system illnesses, 18.5%, and tumors, 15%.

Estudio sobre causas de mortalidad de 428 pacientes alcohólicos. / [Death causes in 428 alcoholic patients: a descriptive study]

Several studies have demonstrated either a direct or an indirect relationship between alcoholism and death causes. The present paper is a descriptive study about death causes in 428 alcoholic patients from San José, Costa Rica, metropolitan area, whose death occurred between 1978 and 1988. Sample subjects were males, under 90-year-old at death time. It was found out that basic death causes were: Traumatism and poisoning, 25

; circulatory system illnesses, 20

; digestive system illnesses, 18.5

, and tumors, 15

.

Estudio sobre causas de mortalidad de 428 pacientes alcohólicos. / [Death causes in 428 alcoholic patients: a descriptive study]

Several studies have demonstrated either a direct or an indirect relationship between alcoholism and death causes. The present paper is a descriptive study about death causes in 428 alcoholic patients from San José, Costa Rica, metropolitan area, whose death occurred between 1978 and 1988. Sample subjects were males, under 90-year-old at death time. It was found out that basic death causes were: Traumatism and poisoning, 25

; circulatory system illnesses, 20

; digestive system illnesses, 18.5

, and tumors, 15

.

Prevalencia de trastornos emocionales en personas de edad avanzada / Prevalence of emotional disorders in elderly

El Cuestionario General de Salud fue aplicado a una muestra de la poblacion que asistio a consulta medica general en un sanatorio privado de la ciudad de Mexico, en el transcurso de un mes. De esta poblacion se seleccionaron al azar 75 personas con edades superiores a los 65 anos con el fin de medir la sensibilidad y la especificidad del instrumento en personas de edad avanzada. Los resultados obtenidos por el Cuestionario General de Salud fueron confirmados por medio de la entrevista psiquiatrica estandarizada, que fue aplicada en forma independiente a quienes formaron la muestra en estudio. Los resultados informaron que a pesar de que el Cuestionario General de Salud no es recomendado para personas de edad avanzada, debido a la cronicidad de su sintomatologia general el instrumento si resalta variaciones considerables entre los resultados de las personas "casos" y los "no casos", detectando en forma eficaz a los primeros y encontrando un nivel de error comparable al obtenido por el estudio realizado en forma paralela al presente, en personas con edades entre 18 y 64 anos

[Inter-clinician reliability of the Mexican version of Goldberg's "Standardized Psychiatric Interview"]. / Confiabilidad entre clínicos utilizando la "Entrevista Psiquiátrica Estandarizada" de Goldberg en una versión mexicana.

The Standardized Psychiatric Interview (SPI) was developed by Goldberg et al., for use in community surveys. The authors made the translation and adaptation of this instrument to Spanish and in this paper they present the inter-rater reliability study of different clinicians using the SPI in a sample of 30 women psychiatric out-patients. The raters were 4 psychiatrists and 2 clinical psychologists. A one week training course was developed before the study in order to get acquainted with the instrument, discuss it and use the standard technique to elicit and record psychiatric symptoms on 5 audiotapes and 10 subjects with different degrees of pathology. The inter-rater reliability was tested using the product-moment correlation, the statistic Kappa and a descriptive index of association in order to show the agreement between raters when the symptom was present or absent. A two-way analysis of variance was also carried out in order to test if there were any differences among the raters. The results show a mean product-moment correlation of 0.90 and a mean Kappa of 0.82. In 20 of the interviews a psychiatrist and a psychologist acted as raters and the results were almost the same. The authors conclude that the SPI is an useful technique for further studies in general practice and community surveys in the hands of mental health personnel trained in the use of Standardized Psychiatric Interview.

Confiabilidad entre clinicos utilizando la "entrevista psiquiatrica estandarizada" de Goldberg en una version mexicana. / Reliability among clinicians using "Goldbergs standardized psychiatric interview" translated in Mexico

Los autores realizaron la traduccion y adaptacion a la poblacion de Mexico de la Entrevista Psiquiatrica Estructurada desarrollada por Goldberg y cols., para hacer diagnosticos psiquiatricos en estudios de comunidad. Este trabajo presenta el estudio de confiabilidad entrevistador-observador utilizando este metodo en donde participaron 4 psiquiatras y 2 psicologas clinicas aplicando el instrumento a 30 pacientes femeninos de consulta externa de psiquiatria. La media de correlacion producto-momento fue de 0.90 y la media del Kappa fue de 0.82. Los autores concluyen que el instrumento es util para futuros estudios en consulta general y comunidad pudiendo ser empleado por personal de la salud capacitado a traves de un curso previo en el empleo de la entrevista

Confiabilidad entre clinicos utilizando la "entrevista psiquiatrica estandarizada" de Goldberg en una version mexicana. / Reliability among clinicians using \"Goldberg's standardized psychiatric interview\" translated in Mexico

Los autores realizaron la traduccion y adaptacion a la poblacion de Mexico de la Entrevista Psiquiatrica Estructurada desarrollada por Goldberg y cols., para hacer diagnosticos psiquiatricos en estudios de comunidad. Este trabajo presenta el estudio de confiabilidad entrevistador-observador utilizando este metodo en donde participaron 4 psiquiatras y 2 psicologas clinicas aplicando el instrumento a 30 pacientes femeninos de consulta externa de psiquiatria. La media de correlacion producto-momento fue de 0.90 y la media del Kappa fue de 0.82. Los autores concluyen que el instrumento es util para futuros estudios en consulta general y comunidad pudiendo ser empleado por personal de la salud capacitado a traves de un curso previo en el empleo de la entrevista

Confiabilidad entre clínicos utilizando la [quot ]Entrevista Psiquiátrica Estandarizada[quot ] de Goldberg en una versión mexicana. / [Inter-clinician reliability of the Mexican version of Goldbergs [quot ]Standardized Psychiatric Interview[quot ]]

The Standardized Psychiatric Interview (SPI) was developed by Goldberg et al., for use in community surveys. The authors made the translation and adaptation of this instrument to Spanish and in this paper they present the inter-rater reliability study of different clinicians using the SPI in a sample of 30 women psychiatric out-patients. The raters were 4 psychiatrists and 2 clinical psychologists. A one week training course was developed before the study in order to get acquainted with the instrument, discuss it and use the standard technique to elicit and record psychiatric symptoms on 5 audiotapes and 10 subjects with different degrees of pathology. The inter-rater reliability was tested using the product-moment correlation, the statistic Kappa and a descriptive index of association in order to show the agreement between raters when the symptom was present or absent. A two-way analysis of variance was also carried out in order to test if there were any differences among the raters. The results show a mean product-moment correlation of 0.90 and a mean Kappa of 0.82. In 20 of the interviews a psychiatrist and a psychologist acted as raters and the results were almost the same. The authors conclude that the SPI is an useful technique for further studies in general practice and community surveys in the hands of mental health personnel trained in the use of Standardized Psychiatric Interview.