Efecto de la bajada de peso y la competición sobre el perfil de estado de ánimo en deportes de combate / Efeito de menor peso e concorrência no perfil de humor em esportes de combate / Weight cutting and competition effects on mood state profile on combat sports

El propósito de este estudio ha sido describir los cambios que sufre el estado de ánimo que presentan los deportistas de combate durante las fases de bajada de peso y su posterior recuperación antes del comienzo de los eventos competitivos prioritarios de la temporada. Un total de 105 hombres y mujeres especialistas en las modalidades de combate de lucha olímpica, taekwondo y boxeo fueron pesados y contestaron la versión abreviada del Perfil de Estados de Ánimo (POMS) entre 30 y 60 minutos antes del pesaje oficial (PRE) y entre 30 y 60 minutos antes del comienzo del primer combate (POST) de sus respectivos campeonatos nacionales. Los resultados demostraron que las hubo mejoras significativas (p < .05) en las dimensiones de Cólera, Fatiga y Depresión, aunque estos cambios no parecen estar relacionados con la variación porcentual de la masa corporal que experimentan los deportistas durante este mismo periodo (r < .261). Estos hallazgos nos indican que las 12-18 horas que separan el pesaje oficial y el comienzo del torneo en deportes de combate propician mejoras sustanciales en sus estados de ánimo, aunque estos cambios parecen ser independientes de sus fluctuación de la masa corporal (AU)

The purpose of this study was to describe changes in the mood state of combat sport athletes during the weight cutting phases and subsequent recovery before the start of the main competitive events of the season. One hundred and five men and women combat sport specialist of Olympic wrestling, taekwondo and boxing were weighted and answered the abbreviated version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) 30 to 60 minutes before the official weigh-in (PRE) and 30 to 60 minutes before the start of the first bout (POST) of their respective national championships. The results showed significant improvements (p < .05) in the Anger, Fatigue and Depression dimensions, although these changes do not appear to be related to the percentage change in the body mass experienced by these athletes during the same period (r < .261). These findings indicate that the 12-18 hours that separate the official weigh-in and the start of the tournament produce substantial improvements on the athletes´ mood state, although these changes seems to be independent on their body mass oscillations (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as alterações sofridas pelo clima que os atletas lutaram durante as fases de redução de peso e subsequente recuperação antes do início dos eventos prioritários da temporada competitivos. Um total de 105 homens e mulheres especialistas nas categorias de combate de wrestling, taekwondo e boxe foram pesados e responderam a versão curta do Profile of Mood States (POMS) entre 30 e 60 minutos antes da pesagem oficial (PRE) e entre 30 e 60 minutos antes do início do primeiro ataque (POST) nos seus respectivos campeonatos nacionais. Os resultados mostraram que houve melhora significativa (p<0,05) nas dimensões de raiva, fadiga e depressão, embora estas alterações não parecem relacionadas com a variação percentual de massa corporal vivida por atletas durante este mesmo período (r <0,261). Estes resultados indicam que as 12-18 horas que separam a pesagem oficial eo início do torneio em combate esportes adotivos melhorias substanciais em seus humores, mas essas mudanças parecem ser independentes de sua flutuação de massa corporal (AU)

Validity of hydration non-invasive indices during the weightcutting and official weigh-in for Olympic combat sports.

BACKGROUND: In Olympic combat sports, weight cutting is a common practice aimed to take advantage of competing in weight divisions below the athlete's normal weight. Fluid and food restriction in combination with dehydration (sauna and/or exercise induced profuse sweating) are common weight cut methods. However, the resultant hypohydration could adversely affect health and performance outcomes. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine which of the routinely used non-invasive measures of dehydration best track urine osmolality, the gold standard non-invasive test. METHOD: Immediately prior to the official weigh-in of three National Championships, the hydration status of 345 athletes of Olympic combat sports (i.e., taekwondo, boxing and wrestling) was determined using five separate techniques: i) urine osmolality (UOSM), ii) urine specific gravity (USG), iii) urine color (UCOL), iv) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and v) thirst perception scale (TPS). All techniques were correlated with UOSM divided into three groups: euhydrated (G1; UOSM 250-700 mOsm · kg H2O(-1)), dehydrated (G2; UOSM 701-1080 mOsm · kg H2O(-1)), and severely dehydrated (G3; UOSM 1081-1500 mOsm · kg H2O(-1)). RESULTS: We found a positive high correlation between the UOSM and USG (r = 0.89: p = 0.000), although this relationship lost strength as dehydration increased (G1 r = 0.92; G2 r = 0.73; and G3 r = 0.65; p = 0.000). UCOL showed a moderate although significant correlation when considering the whole sample (r = 0.743: p = 0.000) and G1 (r = 0.702: p = 0.000) but low correlation for the two dehydrated groups (r = 0.498-0.398). TPS and BIA showed very low correlation sizes for all groups assessed. CONCLUSION: In a wide range of pre-competitive hydration status (UOSM 250-1500 mOsm · kg H2O(-1)), USG is highly associated with UOSM while being a more affordable and easy to use technique. UCOL is a suitable tool when USG is not available. However, BIA or TPS are not sensitive enough to detect hypohydration at official weight-in before an Olympic combat championship.

Habilidades psicológicas fundamentales en las Luchas Olímpicas / Fundamental psychological skills in Olympic Wrestling

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las posibles diferencias en determinadas habilidades psicológicas fundamentales para el rendimiento deportivo en practicantes de luchas olímpicas a nivel competitivo (96 luchadores/as del programa nacional de tecnificación deportiva en las categorías cadete y juvenil de la Federación Española de Luchas Olímpicas). El estudio examina igualmente la relevancia de las variables sexo del deportista y su nivel competitivo (Élite o Amateur) en dichas diferencias. A través de la aplicación del Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED), adaptación del PPI de Loehr, se obtienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en Nivel Motivacional, con puntuaciones superiores de las mujeres, y en Autoconfianza donde los luchadores de nivel Élite promedian puntuaciones superiores a los Amateur, tanto en hombres como en mujeres (AU)

This study was undertaken to determine differences in certain psychological skills critical to the sport performance in competitive Olympic wrestling athletes (96 male and female wrestlers within the youth national program in cadet and junior categories of the Spanish Wrestling Federation. This study also analyzes the possible effects of the sex and the competitive level (elite or amateur) in these differences. Through the implementation of the Sport Psychological Performance Inventory, adaptation of the Loehr questionnaire, women showed significantly higher values in motivational and self-confidence levels compared to male wrestlers, as well as significantly higher values in self-confidence for male and female elite wrestlers compared to their respective amateurs groups (AU)

Factores anaeróbicos predictores del éxito en lucha olímpica / Anaerobic factors to predict wrestling performance

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar la relación existente entre el rendimiento del metabolismo anaeróbico (potencia y capacidad anaeróbica) y el éxito en Lucha. Tomaron parte en el estudio 37 luchadores varones de las especialidades de Libre Olímpica y Grecorromana, con una masa corporal comprendida entre 68-84 kg. De acuerdo con su nivel de rendimiento los sujetos fueron divididos en 2 grupos: Élite (n = 18) y Amateur (n = 19). Todos los sujetos realizaron un test Wingate de 30s en un cicloergómetro SRM Indoor Trainer (Schoberer RadMeßtechnik, Germany) que fue específicamente modificado para realizar la ergometría de brazos en bipedestación. Se personalizó individualmente la altura del eje del pedalier y la (..) (AU)

This study was undertaken to establish the relationship between anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity) and success in wrestling. Thirty seven male FreeStyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers took part in this study, body mass ranged between 68-84 kg. According to the performance level, all the wrestlers were (..) (AU)