RESUMO
The gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system in Rosaceae has been proposed to be controlled by two genes located in the S -locusan S-RNase and a recently described pollen expressed S -haplotype specific F-box gene (SFB). However, in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) these genes had not been identified yet. We have sequenced 21 kb in total of the S -locus region in 3 different apricot S -haplotypes. These fragments contain genes homologous to the S-RNase and F-box genes found in other Prunus species, preserving their basic gene structure features and defined amino acid domains. The physical distance between the F-box and the S-RNase genes was determined exactly in the S2-haplotype (2.9 kb) and inferred approximately in the S 1-haplotype (< 49 kb) confirming that these genes are linked. Sequence analysis of the 5' flanking regions indicates the presence of a conserved region upstream of the putative TATA box in the S-RNase gene. The three identified S-RNase alleles (S1, S2 and S4) had a high allelic sequence diversity (75.3 amino acid identity), and the apricot F-box allelic variants (SFB1, SFB2 and SFB4) were also highly haplotype-specific (79.4 amino acid identity). Organ specific-expression was also studied, revealing that S1- and S2-RNases are expressed in style tissues, but not in pollen or leaves. In contrast, SFB1 and SFB2 are only expressed in pollen, but not in styles or leaves. Taken together, these results support these genes as candidates for the pistil and pollen S-determinants of GSI in apricot.
Assuntos
Proteínas F-Box/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Prunus/genética , Ribonucleases/genética , Região 5'-Flanqueadora , Alelos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , DNA de Plantas/química , DNA de Plantas/genética , Fertilidade/genética , Flores/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Variação Genética , Isoenzimas/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pólen/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in the Galician population aged more than 64 years. METHODS: We performed a descriptive study, based on a personal interview with each individual from a sample of the target population. The sample was obtained through random sampling stratified into urban, semi-urban and rural of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. Subsequently, a random sample was extracted from the database of the individual health cards of selected localities. A total of 350 interviews in 12 sampling locations were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence in Galicia in 2002 was 35.14% (95% CI: 31-38%, 15-28 for men and 38-51% for women). CONCLUSIONS: One out of three Galicians aged more than 64 years presents urinary incontinence. The prevalence is almost double in women.
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de la incontinencia urinaria en Galicia en personas mayores de 64 años. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, basado en una encuesta personal a cada una de las personas de la muestra de la población diana. Ésta se obtuvo mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado en ámbito urbano, semiurbano y rural, en el conjunto de la comunidad de Galicia y, posteriormente, extrayendo una muestra al azar de la base de datos de la Tarjeta Individual Sanitaria de las localidades preseleccionadas. En total se obtuvieron 350 encuestas en 12 puntos de muestreo. Resultados: La prevalencia de la incontinencia urinaria en Galicia en el año 2002 es del 35,1 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento, 31-38; 15-28 en varones y 38-51 en mujeres).Conclusiones: Uno de cada tres gallegos mayores de 64 años presenta incontinencia urinaria, siendo la prevalencia casi el doble en las mujeres (AU)
