RESUMO
Introducción. La presencia de disfagia condiciona complicaciones como la desnutrición, deshidratación, neumonía e incluso la muerte del paciente, repercutiendo en los costes sanitarios. Existen métodos de detección precoz de la disfagia basados en signos clínicos y métodos instrumentados que pueden aplicarse en la cabecera del enfermo. Objetivos. Determinar la utilidad del la valoración de Signos Clínicos y del Método de Exploración Clínica de Volumen-Viscosidad (MECV-V) y evaluar su eficiencia para detectar la broncoaspiración en la fase aguda y subaguda del ictus. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de 79 pacientes. Se comparan los parámetros clínicos y el MECV-V con los resultados objetivados con la videofluoroscopia (VFC). Se calculan las variables que determinan la fiabilidad y el valor global de un método diagnóstico: sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos. Resultados. Los signos clínicos para detectar disfagia grave (aspiración) obtuvimos una sensibilidad del 69% y una especificidad del 28,8%, El MECV-V detectó aspiración con una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 13,6%. El valor predictivo negativo fue respectivamente del 62,5 y 100%, la eficiencia diagnóstica fue de 0,38 y del 0,44% respectivamente. Conclusión. La valoración del paciente disfágico basado en los datos de exploración clínica y el MECV-V resulta en un cribaje de bajo coste, de fácil aplicación y muy sensible. El MECV-V presenta mayor sensibilidad, especificidad y eficiencia, permitiendo ajustar dietas precozmente y decidir si precisa de una valoración instrumentada (AU)
Introduction. The presence of dysphagia has been associated to dehydration, nutritional disorders, pneumonia and even death of the patient, this having an affect on the health care costs. There are methods to detect dysphagia early based on evaluation of the clinical signs and methods that can be used at the bedside of the patient. Objectives. To determine the utility of the evaluation of the clinical signs (CS) and the volume-viscosity test (V-VST) and evaluate their efficacy to detect risk of aspiration in the acute and subacute phase of stroke. Patients and method. A retrospective evaluation of a cohort of 79 stroke patients was performed. We compared the clinical signs and V-VST with the results observed with the videofluoroscopy (VFC). The variables that determine accuracy and overall value of a diagnostic method, that is, sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPP) predictive values, were calculated. Results. A sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 28.8% was obtained for the Clinical Signs to detect severe dysphagia (Aspiration). V-VST detected aspiration with 100% sensitivity and 13.6% specificity. NPP was 62.5% and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 0.38 for clinical signs and 0.48 for V-VST. Conclusion. Using CS and V-VST for the evaluation of the dysphagic patient is a low-cost screening method that is easy to apply and highly sensitive. The V-VST offers a higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy and makes it possible to modify the diet early and to decide whether instrumental assessment is indicated (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Fluoroscopia , Transtornos de Deglutição/complicações , Transtornos de Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/reabilitação , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Introducción: Determinar la concordancia entre los médicos de un Servicio de Urgencias y un radiólogo en la interpretación de la radiografía de tórax (RxT) de pacientes ingresados en una unidad de estancia corta (UEC) y evaluar si ello influye en la estancia media. Material y método: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados en una UEC durante 4 meses. Se comparó la interpretación de la RxT realizada por el médico responsable del paciente en urgencias con la interpretación realizada por un radiólogo. Se determinó la estancia media y se analizó si la lectura de la RxT previa al ingreso por el radiólogo hubiera mejorado la estancia media. Resultados: Se revisaron 260 historias clínicas. La concordancia total fue del 74,2%, siendo mayor cuando el médico de urgencias era un residente mayor o un adjunto que cuando era un residente menor (82% vs 66,4%; p < 0,003). No se observaron diferencias según el horario en el que se realizó la lectura. Solo en 9 casos (3,5%) se hubiera producido un cambio de diagnóstico y/o tratamiento. No se produjeron cambios en la estancia media de los pacientes según existiera concordancia o no, aunque en los casos en que se hubiera producido un cambio de diagnóstico y/o tratamiento se observó una tendencia a su aumento.Conclusiones: La lectura de la RxT por un radiólogo previa al ingreso en una UEC no está justificada en todos los casos. Podría realizarse cuando el residente mayor o el adjunto de guardia tuvieran dudas en su interpretación. Una mayor supervisión de los residentes menores podría mejorar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la RxT
Introduction: To assess the agreement between physicians of the emergency department and a radiologist in the interpretation of chest roentgenograms in patients admitted to the short-stay unit, and to determine the effect of concordance on the mean length of stay. Material and method: The medical records of patients admitted to the short-stay unit over a 4-month period were reviewed. The interpretation of the chest X-ray film made by the physician in charge of the patient at the emergency department with that made by the radiologist was compared. The mean length of stay was determined and it was analyzed if the reading of the radiograph made by the radiologist before admission would decrease the length of stay. Results: A total of 260 medical records were reviewed. The overall degree of agreement was 74.2% but it was greater when the physician at the emergency department was a staff physician or a resident in the final period of training than a resident in the initial period of training (82% vs 66.4%, p < 0.003). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the day hours at which readings were made. A change in the diagnosis and/or treatment of the patient would had occurred in only 9 cases (3.5%). There were no changes in the mean length of stay according to the presence or absence of concordance, although there was a trend towards an increase in the length of stay for those cases in which diagnosis and/or treatment would had been different. Conclusions: Readings of chest roentgenograms by a radiologist before admission to a short-stay unit does not appear to be justified for all patients, although it may be justified when a staff physician or a resident in the final period of training have doubts regarding interpretation of the radiographic images. A better supervision of residents in the initial period of training may contribute to improve the diagnostic reliability of chest X-ray films
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Radiografia Torácica/estatística & dados numéricos , Prontuários Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Variações Dependentes do ObservadorRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To assess the agreement between physicians of the emergency department and a radiologist in the interpretation of chest roentgenograms in patients admitted to the short-stay unit, and to determine the effect of concordance on the mean length of stay. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records of patients admitted to the short-stay unit over a 4-month period were reviewed. The interpretation of the chest X-ray film made by the physician in charge of the patient at the emergency department with that made by the radiologist was compared. The mean length of stay was determined and it was analyzed if the reading of the radiograph made by the radiologist before admission would decrease the length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 260 medical records were reviewed. The overall degree of agreement was 74.2% but it was greater when the physician at the emergency department was a staff physician or a resident in the final period of training than a resident in the initial period of training (82% vs 66.4%, p < 0.003). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the day hours at which readings were made. A change in the diagnosis and/or treatment of the patient would had occurred in only 9 cases (3.5%). There were no changes in the mean length of stay according to the presence or absence of concordance, although there was a trend towards an increase in the length of stay for those cases in which diagnosis and/or treatment would had been different. CONCLUSIONS: Readings of chest roentgenograms by a radiologist before admission to a short-stay unit does not appear to be justified for all patients, although it may be justified when a staff physician or a resident in the final period of training have doubts regarding interpretation of the radiographic images. A better supervision of residents in the initial period of training may contribute to improve the diagnostic reliability of chest X-ray films.
