RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To review the current status of superficial bladder cancer treatment with several immune response modifiers. METHODS: A review of the advances in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer with BCG, interferon, interleukin-2, bropirimine and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin was performed. RESULTS: Treatment with BCG has been demonstrated to be superior to intravesical chemotherapy and other immune response modifiers in the trials reviewed. BCG therapy, however, carries a higher toxicity. Several trials have demonstrated that in low and medium risk patients, it is better to administer low BCG doses to reduce the toxicity. Furthermore, the trials confirm the utility of maintenance schedules with BCG. CONCLUSION: The Calmette-Guérin Bacillus is the most effective adjuvant treatment in superficial bladder cancer, especially in the high risk patients. The other immune response modifiers are an alternative to this treatment.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma in Situ/terapia , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia , Progressão da Doença , Previsões , Humanos , Imunoterapia/tendências , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapiaRESUMO
Self-injuries are relatively common and usually consist in incisive injuries on the penis and the scrotum. This paper presents one case of genital self-injury by injection of petrol on the back of the penis. A description is offered of the clinical form of presentation, as well as the good evolution following medical treatment. Finally, a revision of likely complications is included.
Assuntos
Gasolina/efeitos adversos , Pênis/lesões , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/complicações , Adulto , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of recurrent chyluria and review the diagnostic and therapeutic methods. METHODS/RESULTS: A case of non parasitic recurrent chyluria is presented. Retrograde pyelography demonstrated pyelolymphatic reflux. The patient presented chemical pyelitis secondary to the contrast medium which caused remission of the condition. CONCLUSIONS: Chyluria is uncommon in our setting. Postprandial cystoscopy permits identification of the compromised renoureteral unit and perform pyelic instillation of sclerosing agents. Surgery should be reserved for those cases in whom conservative management has failed.
