Marie Curie: How to break the glass ceiling in science and in radiology.

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw in1867. She graduated first in her class in her undergraduate programs in physics and mathematics at Sorbonne University, and she was one of the first women to earn a PhD. She was the first woman to win a Nobel prize (in physics, together with her husband, Pierre Curie), and she was also the first person to win a second Nobel prize in another category (chemistry). Her life is an example of dedication to science based on altruism, personal growth, and tenacity. Being the first woman to break through so many barriers in a totally male-dominated science makes her an emblematic figure in the fight for equal opportunities and human rights. This article reviews her most important contributions to science in general and to diagnostic radiology in particular through her participation in the French military's radiological plan during the First World War.

Prostate MRI: practical guidelines for interpreting and reporting according to PI-RADS version 2.1. / Resonancia magnética de próstata: guía práctica de interpretación e informe según PI-RADS versión 2.1.

The increasing precision of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate, together with greater experience and standardization in its interpretation, has given this technique an important role in the management of prostate cancer, the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men. This article reviews the concepts in PI-RADS version 2.1 for estimating the probability and zonal location of significant tumors of the prostate, using a practical approach that includes current considerations about the prerequisites for carrying out the test and recommendations for interpreting the findings. It emphasizes benign findings that can lead to confusion and the criteria for evaluating the probability of local spread, which must be included in the structured report.

Resonancia magnética de próstata: guía práctica de interpretación e informe según PI-RADS versión 2.1 / Prostate MRI: practical guidelines for interpreting and reporting according to PI-RADS version 2.1

La creciente precisión de la resonancia magnética multiparamétrica de próstata, en combinación con una mayor experiencia y estandarización en su interpretación, han conferido a esta técnica un papel actual sustancial en el manejo del cáncer de próstata, neoplasia no cutánea más prevalente en el varón. Revisamos los conceptos del sistema PI-RADS versión 2.1 para la estimación de la probabilidad y localización zonal de tumores significativos de próstata, con un enfoque práctico que incluye consideraciones actuales sobre los requisitos previos de la prueba y recomendaciones para su interpretación. Se hace hincapié en hallazgos benignos que pueden llevar a confusión y los criterios de valoración de la probabilidad de extensión local de la enfermedad, que deben también formar parte de un informe estructurado

The increasing precision of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate, together with greater experience and standardization in its interpretation, has given this technique an important role in the management of prostate cancer, the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men. This article reviews the concepts in PI-RADS version 2.1 for estimating the probability and zonal location of significant tumors of the prostate, using a practical approach that includes current considerations about the prerequisites for carrying out the test and recommendations for interpreting the findings. It emphasizes benign findings that can lead to confusion and the criteria for evaluating the probability of local spread, which must be included in the structured report

Obstrucción de la vía biliar por quiste hidatídico fistulizado / Biliary tract obstruction by a fistulised Echinococcus cyst

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[Base tongue actinomycosis]. / Actinomicosis de base de lengua.

Actinomycosis is a bacterial, suppurative chronic infectious disease caused by Actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis of the tongue is an uncommon form, and only 3% affect the base of the tongue. We report a case with dysphagia from an epiglottis, vallecula and tongue base mass. Diagnosis was made on histologic examination of a tissue biopsy. The disease completely resolved after chirurgical incision and drainage of the abscess and one month of oral amoxicillin therapy. The recurrence of the disease, five years later, made necessary a second surgical procedure and one year of penicillin therapy. We comment the possible causes of this recurrence.

Actinomicosis de base de lengua / Base tongue actinomycosis

La actinomicosis es una infección bacteriana, crónica y supurativa causada por Actinomyces israelii. La afectación lingual es rara, y sólo el 3% afectan la base de la lengua. Presentamos una paciente con disfagia por una masa en la base de la lengua, vallécula y cara lingual de epiglotis. Llegamos al diagnóstico mediante examen histológico de la biopsia realizada. La paciente curó tras incisión y drenaje del absceso y un mes de tratamiento con amoxicilina oral. Cinco años más tarde volvió a presentar el mismo cuadro, siendo necesario un segundo procedimiento quirúrgico y un año de tratamiento antibiótico. Comentamos las posibles causas de esta recidiva

Actinomycosis is a bacterial, suppurative chronic infectious disease caused by Actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis of the tongue is an uncommon form, and only 3% affect the base of the tongue. We report a case with dysphagia from an epiglottis, vallecula and tongue base mass. Diagnosis was made on histologic examination of a tissue biopsy. The disease completely resolved after chirurgical incision and drainage of the abscess and one month of oral amoxicillin therapy. The recurrence of the disease, five years later, made necessary a second surgical procedure and one year of penicillin therapy. We comment the possible causes of this recurrence

[Unusual presentation forms of Wegener's disease]. / Formas de presentación infrecuente de la enfermedad de Wegener.

Wegener's granulomatosis may appear with the classic granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis affecting both high and low airway and renal glomerule, and rarely small vessels in any other location. In this way we may find generalized and localized forms of the disease. Three atypical cases of the disease are reported. The first one as a limited form with only airway affection. The second one as an unusual case of otitis with progressive affection of I, II, V, VI, VII and VIII cranial nerves. The third one was a generalized case with sinusitis and orbital pseudotumor. Both first and second cases have been controlled for a very long period of time of 22 and 14 years respectively, and none of them has presented any other location of the disease.

Formas de presentación infrecuente de la enfermedad de Wegener / Unusual presentation forms of Wegener's disease

La enfermedad de Wegener es una vasculitis granulomatosa necrotizante que típicamente afecta al tracto respiratorio superior e inferior y al riñón, y con mayor rareza a los pequeños vasos de otras localizaciones, pudiendo existir formas generalizadas y otras localizadas. Presentamos tres casos atípicos. Los dos primeros como formas limitadas de la enfermedad, uno con afectación sólo de la vía aérea y el otro como forma inusual de otitis con afectación progresiva de los pares craneales I,II, V, VI, VII y VIII. El tercero como forma generalizada con sinusitis y pseudotumor orbitario. Durante el largo seguimiento mantenido de los dos primeros casos, de 22 y 14 años respectivamente, no han presentado ninguna otra localización de esta enfermedad (AU)

Wegener's granulomatosis may appear with the classic granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis affecting both high and low airway and renal glomerule, and rarely small vessels in any other location. In this way we may find generalized and localized forms of the disease. Three atypical cases of the disease are reported. The first one as a limited form with only airway affection. The second one as an unusual case of otitis with progressive affection of I, II, V, VI, VII and VIII cranial nerves. The third one was a generalized case with sinusitis and orbital pseudotumor. Both first and second cases have been controlled for a very long period of time of 22 and 14 years respectively, and none of them has presented any other location of the disease (AU)

Hemorragia intracraneal en una paciente asintomática de 75 años. Caso clínico / Intracerebral hemorrhage in an asymptomatic 75-years-old patient

Las hemoragias intracerebrales representan el 5-19 por ciento de todos los ictus, con una mortalidad entre el 23 y el 50 por ciento, produciéndose una mayor incidencia en las edades avanzadas de la vida. Debido a la importante morbimortalidad que generan, es prioritario un temprano diagnóstico con vistas a una pronta derivación a unidades especiales del ictus. La tomografía computerizada ha revolucionado el diagnóstico y el pronóstico en los pacientes que han sufrido un ictus hemorrágico y es necesario su uso de urgencia ante la sospecha de sangrado, incluso en ausencia de clínica neurológica, aunque este hecho pueda considerarse excepcional, como ocurre en el caso que presentamos (AU)

[Intrabronchial foreign body in adults: usefulness of computerized tomography]. / Cuerpo extraño intrabronquial en adultos: utilidad de la tomografía computarizada.

The diagnosis of intrabronchial solid foreign body is recorded less often in adults than in children and becomes increasingly difficult to make as time passes after aspiration. Three cases of intrabronchial foreign body in adults with no history of loss of consciousness are reported. Clinical and radiological features are discussed, with special mention of the diagnostic role of computed tomography, a technique that has not often been mentioned in the literature on foreign body aspiration, but that is more sensitive and specific than the simple X-ray. In patients with symptoms inconsistent with X-ray images, computed tomography can be a useful, noninvasive technique for guiding diagnosis and assessing the need for bronchoscopy.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of neuroblastoma]. / Diagnóstico ultrasonográfico en el neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent tumors in childhood. Suprarenal area is its main abdominal location, appearing in lesser proportion in paravertebral ganglionar chains. Its prediction depends principally on the age of the patient and the pathological stage. US are the best method for its diagnosis. Its most frequent appearance is as an hyperechogenic heterogeneous mass with calcifications inside. In evaluation tumoral extension, other complementary methods such as CT and MRI should be used.