An In Vitro Staining Effect of Different Children's Health Drinks on Esthetic Restorative Materials.

Aim: To evaluate the staining effect of different children's health drinks (Boost, Complan, and Pediasure) on esthetic restorative materials (giomer, nanohybrid composite, and ormocer). Materials and methods: The specimens consist of giomer, nanohybrid composite, and ormocer. Before the discoloration process, 80 disks of each material were fabricated, each measuring 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. These disks were then measured for lightness*red/green*blue/yellow (L*a*b*) values. Around 10 samples from each subgroup were then submerged in each of the four staining solutions. Analysis of discoloration levels was done at baseline and 48 hours after immersion in the staining solution. Each specimen's staining effect was evaluated using a spectrophotometer.Each specimen's L*a*b* values were measured three times by placing it on the measurement head. The internal energy (ΔE) unit, which expresses resistance to the staining effect, was derived using each specimen's L*a*b* values. Results: All the tested materials showed a color change. However, giomer showed greater ΔE values compared to nanohybrid composite and ormocer. Of all the immersion media used, Boost samples resulted in the highest color change, followed by Complan, Pediasure, and milk. Conclusion: Out of the three restorative materials used in the study, ormocer showed more resistance to color change than nanohybrid composite and giomer with all the tested media. How to cite this article: Ponnala SL, Punithavathy R, Birapu UKC, et al. An In Vitro Staining Effect of Different Children's Health Drinks on Esthetic Restorative Materials. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):211-217.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Diode Laser, and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals: An In Vivo Study.

Context: Different irrigation materials in pediatric endodontics. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX), diode laser, and saline in primary teeth root canals. Settings and design: This manuscript is designed to know the effectiveness of the different root canal irrigants and laser irradiation technology in primary teeth root canals. Materials and methods: A total of 60 primary teeth from 60 children were selected and divided into three groups of 20 each. Group I (CHX), group II (diode laser), and group III (saline). Pulp tissue was extirpated from the root canals of primary teeth, and samples were collected using sterile paper points. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals of the teeth in each group were disinfected using CHX and saline or irradiated with a diode laser. The samples were collected again and sent for microbiological examination. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. All analyzes were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: The colony-forming unit (CFU) of the predisinfection sample served as a baseline for comparisons throughout the study. The mean microbial counts of all the postdisinfected samples were reduced after disinfection. Intergroup comparisons showed significant results between groups I and III (CHX and saline) and groups II and III (diode laser and saline) (p < 0.01), whereas groups I and II (CHX and diode laser) showed nonsignificant results (p < 0.092). Conclusion: Diode laser irradiation succeeded in reducing root canal infection when compared with 2% CHX. Diode laser irradiation can also be used for disinfecting the root canal in primary teeth. How to cite this article: Botu RK, Rachuri P, Martha S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Diode Laser, and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):459-463.

Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Antioxidants on Shear Bond Strength of Composites on Bleached Enamel: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel. Materials and methods: A total of 120 extracted permanent anterior teeth were split into four major groups, one among them being a control group. Group I (bleaching + without antioxidant), group II (bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate), group III (bleaching + 5% grape seed extract), and group IV (bleaching + 5% pine bark extract). All of the groups were bleached using a gel containing 35% carbamide peroxide, and then they were divided into two subgroups depending on when the bonding operation was to be completed-subgroup A was done in 24 hours, while subgroup B took 3 weeks. The universal testing machine was used to measure the shear bond strength. Results: Subgroup IA showed poor shear bond strength than other groups, there was no statistically significant difference between subgroup IB, IIA, and IVA. Subgroup IIIA showed the highest shear bond strength than the remaining groups. Between subgroups IIA and IIB, IIIA and IIIB, and IVA and IVB there was no statistically significant difference. This shows that delaying the bonding procedure for 3 weeks shows similar shear bond strength when compared to groups that were immediately bonded after antioxidant applying groups. Conclusion: All the antioxidants' immediate application could reverse compromised bond strength. Among them, 5% grape seed extract shows the highest increase in shear bond strength. How to cite this article: Maddula DC, Vasepalli M, Martha S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Antioxidants on Shear Bond Strength of Composites on Bleached Enamel: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):87-92.

Prevalence of Traumatic Injuries to Permanent Anterior Teeth and Predisposing Risk Factors among Government and Private School Children of Kakinada and Rajanagaram of East Godavari District.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in permanent anterior teeth and their association with risk factors among children aged 7-13 years of government and private schools in Kakinada and Rajanagaram of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,325 school children aged 7-13 years. Each child was examined for TDI, degree of overjet, molar relation, lip coverage, and facial profile. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the Chi-squared test was used to compare qualitative data. Results: The results show that the prevalence of trauma was found to be 12.1%, and there was no disparity between government or private schools and urban and rural areas. There was no much sex predilection. High school children are more prone to TDI than primary school children. The most common place was found to be home, and the most common cause is unknown. Maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected and enamel fracture is the most common fracture. Among the subjects with trauma, only 4.1% sought treatment. Conclusion: The subjects with trauma in the present study are found to be having a positive association with risk factors, such as increased overjet, class II division 1 molar relationship, convex facial profile, and inadequate lip coverage. Evidence of a lower rate of treatment outcomes shows the need for increased awareness among parents, teachers, and healthcare providers and the elaboration of prevention strategies for TDI at the population level. How to cite this article: Panangipalli SS, Vasepalli M, Punithavathy R, et al. Prevalence of Traumatic Injuries to Permanent Anterior Teeth and Predisposing Risk Factors among Government and Private School Children of Kakinada and Rajanagaram of East Godavari District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):596-602.

Assessment of Oral Health Status and Dental Treatment Needs Among 12- and 15-Year-Old School-Going Children of Fisherman Community Residing at East Coast Road, Chennai: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the dental treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old school-going children of fishermen community residing at East Coast Road, Chennai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 35 schools, 2 schools of private and government each were chosen to a final sample size of 650 students. Ethical clearance to conduct the research was obtained. A pilot study was undertaken during February 2012 at St. Joseph school, Kovalam to determine the feasibility of the study and also to determine the sample size. Examination was carried out by a single examiner to assess the treatment needs using World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods pro forma (1997) excluding prosthetic treatment needs. The Chi-square test (χ2) was used to find out whether there existed a significant difference in the oral health status between 12- and 15-year-old school children and private and government school children. RESULTS: 12-year-old children and 15-year-old children had a mean decayed-missing-filled teeth value of 2.14 and 2.72, respectively. Majority of the study population 454 (241[68.8%] 12-year-old children and 213[71%] 15-year-old children) need one surface restoration. Majority of the study population 623 (95.8%) had community periodontal index (CPI) score of 2 (i.e., calculus), whereas only 27 (4.1%) of the study population had CPI score of 0 (i.e., healthy gums). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the oral health status of these children was poor with high caries prevalence and high Malocclusion.

Implications of Overprescription of Antibiotics: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: The use of antibiotics in recent years has become more aggressive and more common. The inappropriate use, to be more precise, the abuse of these prescriptions, is the root cause for increasing bacterial resistance and adverse outcomes. Antisepsis can be suggested as an appropriate alternative to antibiotics, to control the increasing antibiotic resistance among individuals. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the awareness of antibiotic prescription and resistance among BDS and MDS practitioners and students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 361 dental professionals were included in this study. Each of them was given a questionnaire containing questions pertaining to antibiotic prescription and awareness. RESULTS: Most of the participants prescribed antibiotics as pre and post treatment management of all the oral diseases during their routine interaction with the patients. Overprescription of antibiotics, amoxicillin being the most common, was significantly more among the BDS practitioners than the MDS practitioners. BDS practitioners (78%) preferred a 3-day antibiotic prescription whereas MDS practitioners (80%) prescribed a 5-day course, which was statistically significant. Mindfulness with respect to antimicrobial prophylaxis and antibiotic resistance was observed to be satisfactory in both the groups. However, there was a general absence of mindfulness with respect to the rules for antibiotic prescription recommendations in both the groups. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prescription should be given with care to prevent its resistance, an upcoming iatrogenic health hazard.

Squamous Papilloma on Hard Palate: Case Report and Literature Review.

Most of the lesions in the oral cavity have papillary appearance. Oral squamous papilloma (SP) is one such type, which is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium and presents as papillary or verrucous exophytic mass induced by human papillomavirus (HPV). Most of the oral mucosal lesions are often asymptomatic and have small progression. The common sites of occurrence include tongue, soft palate, and uvula. Squamous papilloma arising on hard palate is described in this article. Surgical excision of the lesion was done and sent for histopathological analyses that confirmed the clinical diagnosis. In larynx and trachea, malignant transformation of papillomas has been reported. The potentially malignant nature of SP if present needs to be explored. How to cite this article: Chaitanya P, Martha S, Punithvathy R, Reddy M. Squamous Papilloma on Hard Palate: Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):244-246.