Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: a single-centre prospective comparative study. / Esclerosis múltiple y embarazo: estudio unicéntrico prospectivo y comparativo.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a autoimmune disorder which preferentially affects young women of childbearing age. During pregnancy, the annualized relapse rate (AAR) is modified, but pregnancy has no harm effect on the long-term course of the disease. We aimed to study the clinical course of our MS patients during pregnancy, and compare their obstetrics outcomes with a control group of non-MS patients. METHODS: A single centre prospective observational study was conducted. We assessed the reproductive history, MS history, pregnancy course and new-born outcome of a cohort of MS patients who had had a pregnancy between january 2007 and july 2012. We compared the global outcomes with a control cohort of 58 age-matched healthy pregnancies. RESULTS: Complete data from 35 consecutive women were analyzed, 40 deliveries. Control groups: 58 patients, 60 deliveries. EDSS at pregnancy 0,7. ARR before pregnancy 0,5. During pregnancy 0,3, after pregnancy 0,4. Twelve patients were on disease-modifying drugs (DMD) before pregnancy, 4 prenatal exposure occurs. The comparison between relapse rate and EDSS before, during and after delivery showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, compared to control group, there were also no differences in the obstetric outcomes. In MS cohort, we found a higher incidence of assisted reproductive treatments and lower breastfeeding rate, both statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our series confirms that pregnancy has no negative long term impact on the progression of MS and also suggest that there is no additional morbidity in the pregnancy, comparing to the rest of the population.

Workload of on-call emergency room neurologists in a Spanish tertiary care centre. A one-year prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Population ageing, the rising demand for healthcare, and the establishment of acute stroke treatment programs have given rise to increases in the number and complexity of neurological emergency cases. Nevertheless, many centres in Spain still lack on-call emergency neurologists. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study to describe the role of on-call neurologists at Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, a tertiary care centre in Madrid, Spain. Sociodemographic characteristics, most common pathologies, diagnostic tests, and destination of the patients attended were recorded daily using a computer database. Results were compared with the general care data from the emergency department. RESULTS: The team attended 3234 patients (3.48% of the emergency department total). The mean number of patients seen per day was 11.15. The most frequent pathologies were stroke (34%), epilepsy (16%) and headache (8%). The mean stay in the emergency department was 7.17 hours. Hospital admission rate was 40% (7.38% of emergency hospital admissions). The main destinations for admitted patients were the stroke unit (39.5%) and the neurology department (33%). Endovascular or thrombolytic therapies were performed on 76 occasions. Doctors attended 70% of the patients during on-call hours. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency neurological care is varied, complex, and frequently necessary. Neurological cases account for a sizeable percentage of both patient visits to the emergency room and the total number of emergency admissions. The current data confirm that on-call neurologists available on a 24-hour basis are needed in emergency departments.

¿Rombencefalomielitis aguda recurrente del adulto o neuromielitis óptica? A propósito de un caso / Recurrent acute rhombencephalomyelitis in an adult or neuromyelitis optica? Presentation of a case

Introducción: La falta de criterios homogéneos aceptados para la definición de algunas de las patologías desmielinizantes dificulta la caracterización diagnóstica limitando la reproducibilidad de los resultados y las recomendaciones terapéuticas. Especialmente controvertidas son las formas de encefalomielitis recurrentes (EAD-RR) y otras formas infrecuentes de neuromielitis óptica (NMO).Objetivo: Describimos la evolución clínico-radiológica de un caso de EAD-RR del adulto versus NMO, seguida durante 9 años. Paciente y métodos: La paciente debutó con síntomas severos de rombencefalomielitis y la resonancia magnética (RM) craneal y medular mostraron lesiones extensas, con captación de gadolinio en el tronco encefálico y de la médula, acorde con los síntomas clínicos de la paciente. Se excluyó etiología infecciosa, el índice IgG fue normal y fueron negativos los anticuerpos para NMO. Tras tratamiento con corticoides por vía intravenosa y plasmaféresis la recuperación del episodio fue excelente. Durante el seguimiento ha presentado 7 recurrencias, preferentemente medulares, con buena recuperación, que reproducen con severidad variable los mismos síntomas. Desde el inicio ha recibido tratamiento inmunosupresor. Conclusiones: Nuestro caso comparte características clínicas con EAD-RR y NMO e ilustra que, pese a los criterios vigentes, la caracterización diagnóstica de estas entidades no es fácil (AU)

Introduction: The lack of accepted homogeneous criteria for the definition of some demyelinating diseases makes diagnostic characterization difficult and limits data interpretation and therapeutic recommendations. Recurrent encephalomyelitis (ADE-R) along with borderline cases of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are especially controversial. Objective:To describe the clinical and radiological evolution of an adult-onset ADE-R versus NMO case throughout 9 years of follow-up. Patient and methods: Our patient presented with severe symptoms of rhombencephalomyelitis and the cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed large lesions, with gadolinium enhancement in brainstem and spinal cord, correlating with the clinical picture. Infectious aetiology was excluded, IgG index was normal and NMO antibodies were negative. After treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and plasmapheresis, there was excellent recovery in the acute phase. During follow-up, seven relapses have occurred, mainly in the spinal cord, with good recovery and the same symptomatology, albeit with different severity. Immunosuppressive treatment was introduced since the beginning.Conclusions: Our case shares common features of both ADE-R and NMO, illustrating that diagnostic characterization is not easy in spite of current criteria (AU)

[Recurrent acute rhombencephalomyelitis in an adult or neuromyelitis optica? Presentation of a case]. / ¿Rombencefalomielitis aguda recurrente del adulto o neuromielitis óptica? A propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: The lack of accepted homogeneous criteria for the definition of some demyelinating diseases makes diagnostic characterization difficult and limits data interpretation and therapeutic recommendations. Recurrent encephalomyelitis (ADE-R) along with borderline cases of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are especially controversial. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiological evolution of an adult-onset ADE-R versus NMO case throughout 9 years of follow-up. PATIENT AND METHODS: Our patient presented with severe symptoms of rhombencephalomyelitis and the cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed large lesions, with gadolinium enhancement in brainstem and spinal cord, correlating with the clinical picture. Infectious aetiology was excluded, IgG index was normal and NMO antibodies were negative. After treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and plasmapheresis, there was excellent recovery in the acute phase. During follow-up, seven relapses have occurred, mainly in the spinal cord, with good recovery and the same symptomatology, albeit with different severity. Immunosuppressive treatment was introduced since the beginning. CONCLUSIONS: Our case shares common features of both ADE-R and NMO, illustrating that diagnostic characterization is not easy in spite of current criteria.