Revisión del tratamiento del síndrome obesidad hipoventilación / Review of the treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome

El síndrome de obesidad hipoventilación (SOH) se define como la coexistencia de obesidad (índice de masa corporal≥ 30 kg/mg²), alteraciones respiratorias durante el sueño e hipoventilación alveolar crónica que acarrea hipercapnia diurna(pCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg), cuando otras causas de hipoventilación han sido excluidas. Los pilares de tratamiento para el SOH sonla pérdida de peso y la presión positiva en la vía aérea (PAP) durante el sueño. El manejo de estos pacientes ha de sermultidisciplinario, con modificación de hábitos de vida, intensificación de la actividad física y estrategias de intervenciónfarmacológica o quirúrgica para la pérdida de peso, individualizando las terapias según cada paciente y sus comorbilidades.El modo de inicio de la PAP dependerá de la coexistencia de apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS), considerando que apro-ximadamente el 90% de los pacientes con SOH presentan concomitantemente AOS, aunque de estos el 73% se consideraAOS grave. En aquellos pacientes con SOH y AOS grave en situación de estabilidad clínica se inclinará por inicio conpresión positiva continua en la vía aérea. Por otra parte, en aquellos pacientes sin AOS grave o durante una hospitalización,se recomienda iniciar directamente ventilación mecánica no invasiva. El seguimiento del paciente debe contemplar loscambios de estrategia necesarios para intentar un control óptimo del peso y el cumplimiento de la PAP.(AU)

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the coexistence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/mg²), respiratorydisturbances during sleep and chronic alveolar hypoventilation leading to daytime hypercapnia (pCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg), whenother causes of hypoventilation have been excluded. The mainstays of treatment for OHS are weight loss and positive airwaypressure (PAP) during sleep. The management of these patients must be multidisciplinary, with modification of lifestyle habits,intensification of physical activity and pharmacological or surgical intervention strategies for weight loss, individualizing thera-pies according to each patient and their comorbidities. The mode of onset of PAP will depend on the coexistence of obstruc-tive sleep apnea (OSA), considering that approximately 90% of patients with OHS present concomitant OSA, although 73%of these are considered severe OSA. In those patients with OHS and severe OSA in a situation of clinical stability, it is recom-mended to start with continuous positive airway pressure. On the other hand, it is recommended to start non invasive mecha-nical ventilation directly for those patients without severe OSA or during hospitalization. The follow-up of the patient mustconsider the necessary changes in strategy to try to achieve optimal weight control and compliance with the PAP.(AU)

Alveolar Proteinosis in COVID-19: Clinical Case.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, diffuse lung disease characterized by accumulation of lipoprotein in lung surfactant in the alveolar space and terminal bronchioles, leading to impaired gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman who was admitted with a diagnosis of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Her condition did not improve with corticosteroids. A chest CT scan revealed ground-glass opacities in all lung lobes, with septal thickening. A differential diagnosis was proposed with other diseases. Bronchoscopy revealed milky bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and staining with periodic acid-Schiff was positive, thus indicating PAP. Therefore, the patient underwent whole lung lavage, which led to clinical, radiological, and functional improvement. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, differential diagnosis ensures that appropriate attention is given to less prevalent entities such as PAP.

Usefulness of Home Overnight Pulse Oximetry in Patients with Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Methods: Prospective study conducted in a university hospital. Subjects with a clinical suspicion of SAHS were included. All of them underwent home polygraphy and oximetry on the same night. A correlation was made between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the oximetry variables. The variable with the highest diagnostic value was calculated using the area under the curve (AUC), and the best cut-off point for discriminating between patients with SAHS and severe SAHS was identified. Results: One hundred and four subjects were included; 73 were men (70%); mean age was 52 ± 10.1 years; body mass index was 30 ± 4.1, and AHI = 29 ± 23.2/h. A correlation was observed between the AHI and oximetry variables, particularly ODI3 (r = 0.850; P < 0.001) and ODI4 (r = 0.912; P < 0.001). For an AHI ≥ 10/h, the ODI3 had an AUC = 0.941 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.899-0.982) and the ODI4, an AUC = 0.984 (95% CI = 0.964-1), with the ODI4 having the best cut-off point (5.4/h). Similarly, for an AHI ≥ 30/h, the ODI4 had an AUC = 0.922 (95% CI = 0.859-0.986), with the best cut-off point being 10.5/h. Conclusion: Nocturnal oximetry is useful for diagnosing and evaluating the severity of SAHS. The ODI4 variable was most closely correlated with AHI for both diagnosis.