Effectiveness and safety of the radiofrequency ablation of single hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions suggestive of adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism.

INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a minimally invasive approach to single parathyroid adenoma in primary hyperparathyroidism; however, there is limited evidence on its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of RFA to treat hyper-functioning parathyroid lesions suggestive of adenomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism treated with RFA for single parathyroid lesions in our reference center between November 2017 and June 2021. Pre-treatment (baseline) and follow-up analytical data were gathered on total protein-adjusted calcium, parathyroid hormone [PTH], phosphorus, and 24-h urine calcium. Effectiveness was defined as complete response (normal calcium and PTH), partial response (reduced but not normalized PTH with normal serum calcium), or disease persistence (elevated calcium and PTH). SPSS 15.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Four of thirty-three enrolled patients were lost to the follow-up. The final sample comprised 29 patients (22 females) with mean age of 60.93 ± 13.28 years followed up for a mean of 16.29 ± 7.23 months. Complete response was observed in 48.27%, partial response in 37.93%, and hyperparathyroidism persistence in 13.79%. Serum calcium and PTH levels were significantly lower at 1 and 2 years of post-treatment than at baseline. Adverse effects were mild, with two cases of dysphonia (self-limited in one patient) and no cases of hypocalcaemia or hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSION: RFA may be a safe and effective technique to treat hyper-functioning parathyroid lesions in selected patients.

COVIDGR Dataset and COVID-SDNet Methodology for Predicting COVID-19 Based on Chest X-Ray Images.

Currently, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), one of the most infectious diseases in the 21st century, is diagnosed using RT-PCR testing, CT scans and/or Chest X-Ray (CXR) images. CT (Computed Tomography) scanners and RT-PCR testing are not available in most medical centers and hence in many cases CXR images become the most time/cost effective tool for assisting clinicians in making decisions. Deep learning neural networks have a great potential for building COVID-19 triage systems and detecting COVID-19 patients, especially patients with low severity. Unfortunately, current databases do not allow building such systems as they are highly heterogeneous and biased towards severe cases. This article is three-fold: (i) we demystify the high sensitivities achieved by most recent COVID-19 classification models, (ii) under a close collaboration with Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, we built COVIDGR-1.0, a homogeneous and balanced database that includes all levels of severity, from normal with Positive RT-PCR, Mild, Moderate to Severe. COVIDGR-1.0 contains 426 positive and 426 negative PA (PosteroAnterior) CXR views and (iii) we propose COVID Smart Data based Network (COVID-SDNet) methodology for improving the generalization capacity of COVID-classification models. Our approach reaches good and stable results with an accuracy of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in severe, moderate and mild COVID-19 severity levels. Our approach could help in the early detection of COVID-19. COVIDGR-1.0 along with the severity level labels are available to the scientific community through this link https://dasci.es/es/transferencia/open-data/covidgr/.

Differences in multi-echo chemical shift encoded MRI proton density fat fraction estimation based on multifrequency fat peaks selection in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.

AIM: To compare the performance of multi-echo chemical-shift-encoded (MECSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation, considering three different fat frequency peak combinations, for the quantification of steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a prospective cross-sectional research of 121 patients with metabolic syndrome and evidence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound, who underwent a 3 T MRI examination. All patients were studied with a multifrequency MECSE sequence. The PDFF was calculated using six peaks (MECSEp123456), three peaks (MECSEp456), and a single peak (MECSEp5) model. The two simpler fat peak models were compared to the six peaks model, which was considered the reference standard. Linearity was evaluated using linear regression while agreement was described using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 47 (±9) years and BMI was 29.9 (±2.9) kg/m2. Steatosis distribution was 15%/31%/54% (S1/S2/S3, respectively). Compared to MECSEp123456, both models provided linear PDFF measurements (R2= 0.99 and 0.97, MECSEp456 and MECSEp5 respectively). Regression slope (0.92; p<0.001) and mean Bland-Altman bias (-1.5%; 95% limits of agreement: -3.19%, 0.22%) indicated minimal underestimation by using PDFF-MECSEp456. Nonetheless, mean differences in PDFF estimations varied from -1.5% (MECSEp456,p=0.006) to -2.2% (MECSEp5,p<0.001) when compared to full six fat frequencies model. CONCLUSION: Although simpler spectral fat MECSE analysis shows a linear relationship with the standard six peaks model, their variation in estimated PDFF values introduces a low but clinically significant bias in fat quantification and steatosis grading in NAFLD patients.

Insulin resistance and NAFLD: Relationship with intrahepatic iron and serum TNF-α using 1H MR spectroscopy and MRI.

AIM: The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with insulin resistance (IR) is well established, yet little is known of their possible relationship with intrahepatic iron and serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in adults without diabetes. Thus, this study looked at the relationship of intrahepatic iron and serum TNF-α with intrahepatic triglycerides and IR in non-diabetic adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 104 healthy non-diabetic Caucasians, a quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging T2 gradient-echo technique was used to measure hepatic iron, with 1H-MR spectroscopy used to measure hepatic triglycerides. HOMA-IR was calculated to determine IR. RESULTS: The prevalence of hepatic iron overload (HIOL) was 26.6% in individuals with NAFLD vs. 0% in those without. IR was present in 87.5% of subjects with both NAFLD and HIOL, in 45.4% of those with NAFLD but not HIOL, and in 4.5% of those with neither. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with hepatic triglycerides (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) and hepatic iron (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), whereas serum TNF-α concentrations correlated with intrahepatic triglyceride levels (r = 0.28, P < 0.04), but not with intrahepatic iron. Hepatic triglycerides, serum TNF-α and age were the only significant determinants of IR in regression analyses. CONCLUSION: IR is closely associated with intrahepatic triglycerides and, to a lesser extent, intrahepatic iron, with some interplay between them. High serum TNF-α concentrations may contribute to the association between NAFLD and IR, while increased hepatic triglycerides appear to be a determinant of the development of HIOL in non-diabetic subjects without haemochromatosis.

Bone mineral density and bone turnover in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C and sustained virological response to antiviral therapy with peginterferon-alfa and ribavirin.

UNLABELLED: Patients with chronic hepatitis C have low bone mineral density and increased bone resorption related to serum transaminase levels. Elevated serum soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNFR-55) receptor levels may play a role in the bone mass loss in these patients. Bone mass is improved and bone turnover normalized in patients who respond to antiviral therapy with interferon and ribavirin. INTRODUCTION: Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been described in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV). The study objective was to evaluate the effect of antiviral therapy on BMD and bone metabolism in non-cirrhotic HCV patients with sustained virological response. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in 36 consecutive outpatients from the general community with non-cirrhotic HCV and an early and sustained virological response to peginterferon-alfa and ribavirin therapy. Determinations of BMD (dual X-ray absorptiometry at lumbar spine and femoral neck) and biochemical measurements of bone metabolism and sTNFR-55 were made at baseline, after 24 and 48 weeks of antiviral therapy, and at 48 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Patients had a significantly reduced BMD, which significantly increased during the follow-up. Serum levels of sTNFR-55 and bone turnover markers were increased at baseline and significantly reduced at all subsequent time points. We found an inverse correlation between BMD and both serum aminotransferase levels and urine deoxypyridinoline (D-pyr) and a positive correlation between serum aminotransferases and both urine D-Pyr and serum sTNFR-55. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic hepatitis C have low bone mass associated with increased bone resorption, and some relationship can be expected between serum aminotransferase levels and the degree of bone mass loss. Bone mass may be improved and bone turnover normalized in patients who respond to antiviral therapy. Elevated serum sTRFR-55 levels may play a role in the bone mass loss of these patients.