Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Mexican Women with Obesity as a Risk Factor.

Purpose. Adipose tissue in overweight and obesity shows metabolic imbalance in the function of adipocytes and macrophages, this leads to altered regulation of hunger, lipid storage, and chronic inflammation possibly related to the development of breast cancer. Methods. The study was retrospective of 653 breast cancer patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. Histopathology, hormone receptors, grade, clinical stage, clinical biometry analysis, CEA and CA 15-3 antigens were analyzed. The analyses were performed at diagnosis and at the end of oncological treatments. Results. Mexican women studied and treated for breast cancer have an BMI of 29 from diagnosis and at the end of their cancer treatments. The average age was 52 ± 12 years, 54% in women older than 55 years. Cancer recurrence occurs in any molecular type; however, the common factor was overweight and obesity with 73% vs. 21% in normal weight patients. The most frequent tumor tissue in the population was positive hormone receptors of the luminal type (65%), HER2 (15%), and NT (15%). The analyses of macrophages/lymphocytes (M/L), CEA, and CA 15-3 antigens evaluated in women >55 and <55 years, with and without recurrence are elevated at the end of oncological treatments. Conclusions. The analysis of Mexican women with breast cancer showed a predominance of overweight and obesity at diagnosis and at the end of treatment. A relationship between obesity and cancer recurrence with a low response to treatment due to elevation in Ag CEA and CA 15-3 is suggested. The L/M ratio could be an indicator of inflammation related to adipose tissue since diagnosis.

[A SIMPLE AND RELIABLE TOOL FOR DETECTION OF NUTRITIONAL RISK IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS]. / UN INSTRUMENTO SENCILLO Y FIABLE PARA DETECTAR RIESGO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS.

INTRODUCTION: malnutrition in hospital associates with complications such a high rates of infections, increased length of stay, and increased economic costs. Hospitals require applying a simple and reliable tool for detection of nutritional risk. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the agreement between a screening tool used in a hospital and both MUST and SGA tools to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk. METHODS: patients -with a hospitalization period less than 36 hours- were assessed with three nutritional screening tools. Kappa value was used to assess agreement between the tests; SGA was the gold standard. RESULTS: the study included 100 patients (F = 49, M = 51) with a mean age of 49 years. MUST presented a good agreement with the SGA (kappa = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: MUST presents the highest agreement with the gold standard; therefore, it must be used to screen nutritional status of hospitalized patients due to its simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility.

Introducción: la desnutrición hospitalaria se asocia con retraso en la curación, mayor tiempo de hospitalización y gasto económico. Los hospitales requieren un instrumento sencillo para detectar un posible riesgo nutricional. Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre un formato de tamizaje utilizado en un hospital de tercer nivel y los instrumentos validados MUST y SGA para diagnosticar el riesgo nutricional. Métodos: pacientes con periodo de hospitalización menor a 36 horas fueron valorados con los tres tamizajes nutricionales. Utilizamos valor kappa para medir la concordancia entre las herramientas de tamizaje; el instrumento SGA fue el estándar de oro. Resultados: el estudio incluyó 100 pacientes (F = 49, M = 51) con una edad media de 49 años. MUST presentó buena concordancia con el SGA (kappa = 0,55). Conclusiones: MUST presentó mayor concordancia con el estándar de oro; por lo tanto, el MUST debería utilizarse para el tamizaje nutricional de los pacientes que ingresan en hospitales debido a su sencillez, fiabilidad y reproducibilidad.

Un instrumento sencillo y fiable para detectar riesgo nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados / A simple and reliable tool for detection of nutritional risk in hospitalized patients

Introducción: la desnutrición hospitalaria se asocia con retraso en la curación, mayor tiempo de hospitalización y gasto económico. Los hospitales requieren un instrumento sencillo para detectar un posible riesgo nutricional. Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre un formato de tamizaje utilizado en un hospital de tercer nivel y los instrumentos validados MUST y SGA para diagnosticar el riesgo nutricional. Métodos: pacientes con periodo de hospitalización menor a 36 horas fueron valorados con los tres tamizajes nutricionales. Utilizamos valor kappa para medir la concordancia entre las herramientas de tamizaje; el instrumento SGA fue el estándar de oro. Resultados: el estudio incluyó 100 pacientes (F = 49, M = 51) con una edad media de 49 años. MUST presentó buena concordancia con el SGA (kappa= 0,55). Conclusiones: MUST presentó mayor concordancia con el estándar de oro; por lo tanto, el MUST debería utilizarse para el tamizaje nutricional de los pacientes que ingresan en hospitales debido a su sencillez, fiabilidad y reproducibilidad (AU)

Introduction: malnutrition in hospital associates with complications such a high rates of infections, increased length of stay, and increased economic costs. Hospitals require applying a simple and reliable tool for detection of nutritional risk. Objective: to evaluate the agreement between a screening tool used in a hospital and both MUST and SGA tools to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk. Methods: patients -with a hospitalization period less than 36 hours- were assessed with three nutritional screening tools. Kappa value was used to assess agreement between the tests; SGA was the gold standard. Results: the study included 100 patients (F=49, M=51) with a mean age of 49 years. MUST presented a good agreement with the SGA (kappa = 0.55). Conclusions: MUST presents the highest agreement with the gold standard; therefore, it must be used to screen nutritional status of hospitalized patients due to its simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility (AU)

Taste perception in normal and overweight Mexican adults.

The prevalence of obesity in Mexico is the highest in the world, with almost 70% of adults being classified as overweight or obese. The increased prevalence of obesity in Mexico, and globally, may be related to the changing food environment, providing increased access to highly palatable, but obesogenic, food products. One potential mechanism for this association is changing food perceptions, an area poorly studied in transitional countries. Thus, we conducted a study to determine the degree to which perception thresholds for four basic tastes are associated with anthropometric variables, hormone levels, and energy intake. Bitter and sweet taste had the lowest and highest thresholds, respectively, and women reported a greater sensitivity to these flavors compared to men. Overall, the perception thresholds to each flavor were not associated with energy intake or body mass index (BMI), while the perception threshold of aspartame was negatively associated with energy intake. Based on the results of our study, in a sample of Mexican adults, sensory taste response to basic flavors is not associated with energy intake or BMI.