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2.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 25(supl.3): 105-115, sept. 2002. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22789

RESUMO

La presencia de síntomas depresivos y cuadros depresivos clínicamente significativos es frecuente entre los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo. Las muestras clínicas indican que entre el 30-50 por ciento de los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo presentan síntomas depresivos. Los síntomas depresivos son una fuente importante de discapacidad funcional adicional a la causada por el deterioro cognitivo. Por otra parte, los pacientes de edad avanzada con episodios depresivos mayores sin demencia presentan habitualmente déficits cognitivos que también empeoran el funcionamiento general. Aunque los síntomas depresivos y el deterioro cognitivo pueden darse de forma independiente o coexistir sin aparente conexión, cada vez existen más datos que sugieren una correlación que pudiera llegar incluso a ser etiológica. El nihilismo terapéutico ha sido la reacción más frecuente ante estos cuadros. Sin embargo, los tratamientos específicos o sintomáticos han demostrado ser eficaces en el tratamiento de los síntomas depresivos de los pacientes con alteraciones cognitivas, mejorando de forma significativa el funcionamiento general de los mismos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo/etiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Manifestações Neurocomportamentais
3.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 25(supl.3): 117-136, sept. 2002. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22790

RESUMO

La comorbilidad se define por la presencia de dos o más enfermedades independientes en un mismo sujeto. En este trabajo se revisa la comorbilidad de los trastornos afectivos con otros trastornos mentales y se centra en los trastornos de ansiedad, esquizofrenia, dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas, trastornos de alimentación, trastornos de personalidad y trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos. Para ello hemos realizado una extensa revisión teniendo en cuenta numerosos estudios, así como diferentes orientaciones diagnósticas (categorial o dimensional). En general, la presencia de síntomas y/o trastornos afectivos en el contexto de otras patologías mentales es alta. Además la comorbilidad tiene una alta transcendencia en cuanto al pronóstico clínico (peor respuesta a los tratamientos, mayor persistencia sintomática, mayor tendencia a la cronicidad y mayor riesgo de mortalidad) y las consecuencias sociales (disminución del rendimiento laboral y mayor uso de recursos). No obstante, tenemos que tener en cuenta que el análisis de la comorbilidad de los trastornos afectivos en otros trastornos mentales es complejo y controvertido, no sólo por su alta frecuencia sino por la existencia de un solapamiento sintomático, la escasez de signos y síntomas patognomónicos, la variabilidad de los criterios diagnósticos, las diferencias metodológicas aplicadas así como la escasez de estudios longitudinales y prospectivos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos do Humor/complicações , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/complicações , Transtornos do Humor/diagnóstico , Comorbidade , Prognóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/complicações , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/complicações
4.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 25 Suppl 3: 105-15, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12861249

RESUMO

The presence of depressive symptoms and clinically significant depressive pictures is frequent amongst patients with cognitive deterioration. Clinical samples indicate that between 30-50% of patients with cognitive deterioration show depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms are an important source of functional disability additional to that caused by cognitive deterioration. On the other hand, elderly patients with serious depressive episodes without dementia normally show cognitive deficits that also worsen general functioning. Although depressive symptoms and cognitive deterioration can arise independently, or co-exist without apparent connection, there is an increasing body of data suggesting a correlation that might even be etiological. Therapeutic nihilism has been the most frequent reaction to these pictures. Nonetheless, specific or symptomatic treatments have shown themselves to be efficient in treating the depressive symptoms of patients with cognitive alterations, significantly improving their general functioning.

5.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 25 Suppl 3: 117-36, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12861250

RESUMO

Comorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more independent diseases in the same subject. This paper reviews the comorbidity of affective disorders with other mental disorders. We focus on the disorders of anxiety, schizophrenia, dependence on psychoactive substances, eating disorders, personality disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. To this end, we have carried out an extensive review that has taken account of numerous studies, as well as of different diagnostic orientations (categorical or dimensional). In general the presence of affective symptoms and/or disorders in the context of other mental pathologies is high. Moreover, comorbidity has a high transcendence with respect to clinical prognosis (worse response to treatments, greater symptomatic persistence, greater tendency to chronicity and greater risk of mortality) and the social consequences (decline in work performance and greater use of resources). Nonetheless, we must bear in mind that the analysis of the comorbidity of affective disorders in other mental disorders is complex and controversial, not only because of its high frequency, but also because of the existence of symptomatic overlap, scarcity of signs and pathognomonic symptoms, variability of diagnostic criteria, applied methodological differences, as well as a scarcity of longitudinal and prospective studies.

6.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci ; 251 Suppl 1: I14-6, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11776265

RESUMO

Kahlbaum described catatonia as a disorder in which mood syndromes were the primary features and the characteristic symptoms were the motor signs. In the present study, we examined the relationship between motor features and other syndromes of psychosis, the clinical validity of Kahlbaum's concept of catatonia, its relationship to schizophrenia and mood disorder, and its nosological position in relation to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and Leonhard's classification of endogenous psychoses. Patients with Kahlbaum's catatonia differed from patients with schizophrenia or mood disorder in various demographic and clinical variables. Positive and negative motor syndromes, although interrelated, showed a different correlational pattern with other psychotic syndromes. Catatonia did not appear to fit into any particular nosological category, although this issue largely depends on whether schizophrenia and mood disorders are broadly or restrictively defined. When definitions are more restrictive as in Leonhard's system, catatonia seems to be better accommodated as a "third psychosis", i.e. described by the concept of cycloid psychosis.


Assuntos
Catatonia/classificação , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/classificação , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Transtornos Psicóticos/classificação , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/classificação , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Síndrome
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