Coiling as a Rescue Strategy for Flow Diverter Prolapse into a Giant Intracranial Aneurysm.

BACKGROUND: Up to 3.2% of the adult population has an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA). Flow diversion is a relatively new treatment technique that is especially useful for large and morphologically unfavorable IAs. METHODS: A previously healthy woman aged 32 years presented with a 6-month history of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia of the left eye. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a giant left internal carotid artery aneurysm. She was admitted for treatment using flow diversion. After delivery of the flow diverter (FD), prolapse of the proximal end of the stent into the aneurysmal sac was observed. FD stabilization was achieved by deploying multiple coils through a previously placed microcatheter to push the prolapsed end away from the aneurysmal lumen. RESULTS: The patient had a favorable outcome, with reduction of preoperative mass effect symptoms and complete obliteration of the aneurysm persisting at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Giant IAs remain one of the most daunting clinical problems to treat. FD displacement is a rare (0.5%-0.75%) and possibly fatal complication. Currently, no clinical guidelines exist for its management. Adjunctive coiling is a possible rescue strategy for stabilizing an FD that foreshortened and prolapsed into the aneurysmal sac. Further studies are needed to identify the best approach to this complication.

[Manometric characteristics in children with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal pathology]. / Características manométricas en niños con estreñimiento crónico ypatología anorrectal adquirida.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the anorectal manometry results in the pediatric population with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of children who were referred to the Motility and Pelvic Floor Laboratory of the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey between 2004-2016 for further evaluation with anorectal manometry and who presented acquired anorectal disease. RESULTS: We reviewed 170 records. The mean age was 7.18 ± 4.51 years old. The prevalence of anorectal disease was 73%. The symptoms more frequently presented were difficult evacuation (78%), painful defecation (67%), large and hard stool (50%) and fecal soiling (49%). 44% of patients with hypotonic external anal sphincter (EAS) presented with soiling and 74% of those had diminished critical volume. Significant manometric values (p<0.05) were EAS resting pressure, maximal squeeze pressure, and critical volume. 97.7% of those who underwent abdomino pelvic coordination evaluation had pelvic floor dyssynergia (anismus). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to adult population, the manometric values in children with acquire anorectal pathology were within normal values except for the EAS resting pressure and critical volume that were diminished. This could suggest a different mechanism in the pediatric population. Pelvic floor dyssynergia could explain chronic constipation in these patients.

Características manométricas en niños con estreñimiento crónico y patología anorrectal adquirida / Manometric characteristics in children with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal pathology

Objetivos: Describir los resultados de las manometrías anorrectales (MAR) en pacientes pediátricos con estreñimiento crónico y patología anorrectal adquirida. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes pediátricos referidos entre 2004 y 2016 al Laboratorio de Motilidad Gastrointestinal del Hospital San José Tec de Monterrey para evaluación por manometría anorrectal y que presentaron patología anorrectal adquirida. Resultados: Se revisaron 170 expedientes. Edad 7,18 ± 4,51 años. La prevalencia de patología anorrectal (PA) fue de 73%. Síntomas con mayor incidencia: dificultad para evacuar (78%), dolor al evacuar (67%), heces duras (50%) e incontinencia fecal asociado (49%). El 44% de los pacientes con esfínter anal externo (EAE) hipotónico presentaron incontinencia y 74% estos últimos, presentaron menor volumen máximo tolerable (VMT). Los valores manométricos con mayor significancia: presión en reposo del EAE (promedio ± DE) 14,16 ± 10,19 en PA y de 26,08 ± 13,65 en SPA; presión en contracción del EAE 48,4 ± 34,1 en PA y 68,3 ± 37,7 en SPA; VMT 120,8 ± 60,4 en PA y de 173,2 ± 78,0 en SPA. El 97,97% de los pacientes en los que se evaluó la coordinación abdomino-pélvica tuvieron disinergia del piso pélvico. Conclusiones: A diferencia de la población adulta, los valores manométricos de niños con patología anorrectal se encontraron dentro de rangos normales excepto por el EAE y el VMT los cuales estuvieron disminuidos. Esto puede sugerir un mecanismo diferente en la población pediátrica. La disinergia del piso pélvico podría explicar el estreñimiento crónico en estos pacientes.

Objective: To describe the anorectal manometry results in the pediatric population with chronic constipation and acquired anorectal disease. Materials and methods: We reviewed the records of children who were referred to the Motility and Pelvic Floor Laboratory of the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey between 2004-2016 for further evaluation with anorectal manometry and who presented acquired anorectal disease. Results: We reviewed 170 records. The mean age was 7.18 ± 4.51 years old. The prevalence of anorectal disease was 73%. The symptoms more frequently presented were difficult evacuation (78%), painful defecation (67%), large and hard stool (50%) and fecal soiling (49%). 44% of patients with hypotonic external anal sphincter (EAS) presented with soiling and 74% of those had diminished critical volume. Significant manometric values (p<0.05) were EAS resting pressure, maximal squeeze pressure, and critical volume. 97.7% of those who underwent abdomino pelvic coordination evaluation had pelvic floor dyssynergia (anismus). Conclusions: Contrary to adult population, the manometric values in children with acquire anorectal pathology were within normal values except for the EAS resting pressure and critical volume that were diminished. This could suggest a different mechanism in the pediatric population. Pelvic floor dyssynergia could explain chronic constipation in these patients.