Análise dos fatores de risco cardiovascular entre homens praticantes de atividade física não supervisionada / Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors among men practicing unsupervised physical activity / Análisis de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular entre los hombres que practican actividad física sin supervisión

Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular e determinar a associação desses fatores com variáveis sociodemográficas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 128 homens praticantes de atividade física não supervisionada, no noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 2012. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas estruturadas e analisados descritivamente e mediante teste de associação. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado em comitê de ética, com CAAE: 0326.0.093.000-11. Resultados: o fator de risco mais prevalente foi o sobrepeso/obesidade (71,9%), 97,7% apresentaram ao menos um fator de risco cardiovascular. Ter companheira representou maiores chances para excesso de peso, e o contrário associou-se ao hábito de fumar. Evidenciou-se associação entre menor nível de escolaridade e etilismo. Faixa etária, maiores níveis de renda e escolaridade associaram-se à hipertensão arterial. Conclusão: o sobrepeso/obesidade foi o fator mais prevalente, quase todos os homens apresentaram ao menos um fator de risco e verificou-se associação destes fatores com situação conjugal, escolaridade, faixa etária e renda.

Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and determine the association between these factors and sociodemographic variables. Methods: cross-sectional study of 128 men practicing unsupervised physical activity in northwest Paraná State, in 2012. Data were collected by structured interview and analyzed descriptively and by test of association. The project was approved by a research ethics committee (CAAE: 0326.0.093.000-11). Results: the most prevalent risk factor was verweight/obesity (71.9%). At least one cardiovascular risk factor was found in 97.7%. Having a female companion increased the likelihood of overweight, and the opposite situation was associated with smoking. Lower levels of education were found to associate with alcohol use. Age group, and higher income and education were associated with hypertension. Conclusion: overweight/obesity was most prevalent factor, almost all men displayed at least one risk factor and these factors were found to associate with marital status, education, age and income.

Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y determinar la asociación de estos factores con las variables sociodemográficas. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado junto a 128 hombres que practican actividades físicas sin supervisión, en el noroeste de Paraná, en 2012. Los datos han sido recolectados en entrevistas estructuradas y analizados de forma descriptiva y por test de asociación. Proyecto de investigación aprobado por comité de ética; CAAE: 0326.0.093.000-11. Resultados: el factor de riesgo más frecuente fue el sobrepeso/obesidad (71,9%). El 97.7% presentó al menos un factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Tener compañera representó mayores probabilidades de exceso de peso y el no tenerla se asoció con el tabaquismo. Se demostró una asociación entre los niveles de educación más bajos y el consumo de alcohol. Grupo de edad, niveles de ingreso más altos y educación se asocian con la hipertensión. Conclusión: el sobrepeso/obesidad fue el factor más frecuente, casi todos los hombres tenían al menos un factor de riesgo y se encontró una asociación de estos factores con el estado civil, la educación, la edad y los ingresos.

Impaired sympathoadrenal axis function contributes to enhanced insulin secretion in prediabetic obese rats.

The involvement of sympathoadrenal axis activity in obesity onset was investigated using the experimental model of treating neonatal rats with monosodium L-glutamate. To access general sympathetic nervous system activity, we recorded the firing rates of sympathetic superior cervical ganglion nerves in animals. Catecholamine content and secretion from isolated adrenal medulla were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, and isolated pancreatic islets were stimulated with glucose and adrenergic agonists. The nerve firing rate of obese rats was decreased compared to the rate for lean rats. Basal catecholamine secretion decreased whereas catecholamine secretion induced by carbachol, elevated extracellular potassium, and caffeine in the isolated adrenal medulla were all increased in obese rats compared to control. Both glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia were observed in obese rats. Adrenaline strongly inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese animals. These findings suggest that low sympathoadrenal activity contributes to impaired glycaemic control in prediabetic obese rats.

Autonomic activity and glycemic homeostasis are maintained by precocious and low intensity training exercises in MSG-programmed obese mice.

Current research employed electrical records from superior vagus and sympathetic nerve branch that supply fat retroperitoneal tissue (RS nerve) to investigate whether very moderate swim training in obese-programmed mice would change sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activities. Neonatal mice were treated with monosodium L: -glutamate (MSG), during their first 5 days of life, to induce obesity. Mice started training on weaning, comprising free swimming 3 days/week, 15 min/day for 10 weeks. After 12 h fasting, the nerve electrical signals of the 90-day-old mice were processed to obtain firing rates. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose and insulin levels. Adrenal catecholamine content was measured. MSG treatment caused obesity. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in MSG-obese mice, without any change in food intake, were obtained. Vagus firing rates were higher in obese mice than those in lean ones. A decrease in RS nerve activity and lower adrenal catecholamine stores have been observed. Swimming normalized blood glucose and insulin levels and MSG-obesity onset was attenuated by exercise. Vagus activity from obese mice decreased, whereas RS nerve activity and adrenal catecholamine levels increased in trained ones. Results suggest that autonomic activity imbalance and metabolic dysfunctions observed in MSG-obese mice were inhibited by precocious and moderate exercise training.