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1.
Clin Sci (Lond) ; 134(23): 3063-3078, 2020 12 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33264412

RESUMO

In 2020 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) discovery. This event was a landmark that shaped the way that we see the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) today. ACE2 is an important molecular hub that connects the RAS classical arm, formed mainly by the octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1, with the RAS alternative or protective arm, formed mainly by the heptapeptides Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, and their receptors, Mas and MrgD, respectively. In this work we reviewed classical and modern literature to describe how ACE2 is a critical component of the protective arm, particularly in the context of the cardiac function, coagulation homeostasis and immune system. We also review recent literature to present a critical view of the role of ACE2 and RAS in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


Assuntos
Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , COVID-19/virologia , Humanos , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade
2.
J Neurosurg ; 124(5): 1238-44, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26452122

RESUMO

OBJECT The development of neurointerventional treatments of central nervous system disorders has resulted in the need for adequate training environments for novice interventionalists. Virtual simulators offer anatomical definition but lack adequate tactile feedback. Animal models, which provide more lifelike training, require an appropriate infrastructure base. The authors describe a training model for neurointerventional procedures using the human placenta (HP), which affords haptic training with significantly fewer resource requirements, and discuss its validation. METHODS Twelve HPs were prepared for simulated endovascular procedures. Training exercises performed by interventional neuroradiologists and novice fellows were placental angiography, stent placement, aneurysm coiling, and intravascular liquid embolic agent injection. RESULTS The endovascular training exercises proposed can be easily reproduced in the HP. Face, content, and construct validity were assessed by 6 neurointerventional radiologists and 6 novice fellows in interventional radiology. CONCLUSIONS The use of HP provides an inexpensive training model for the training of neurointerventionalists. Preliminary validation results show that this simulation model has face and content validity and has demonstrated construct validity for the interventions assessed in this study.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/cirurgia , Competência Clínica , Procedimentos Endovasculares/educação , Modelos Anatômicos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/educação , Placenta/irrigação sanguínea , Angiografia , Embolização Terapêutica , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Placenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Stents
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