Dapagliflozin cardiovascular effects on end-stage kidney disease (DARE-ESKD-2) trial: rationale and design.

Purpose: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) remarkably reduced the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death of conservatively managed chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that adding SGLT2i to standard treatment would yield cardiovascular benefits also in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) individuals on dialysis. Methods: The DARE-ESKD-2 Trial (NCT05685394) is an ongoing, single-center, open-label, controlled trial aimed at assessing the cardiovascular effects of dapagliflozin in ESKD on dialysis. Eligible patients are adults on renal replacement therapy for more than 3 prior to enrollment. Exclusion criteria encompass pregnancy, liver failure, and current use of a SGLT2i. After signing an informed consent form, participants are randomized 1:1 to either dapagliflozin 10mg PO plus standard treatment or standard treatment alone for 6 months. Echocardiogram, anthropometry, blood sample collection, 6-min walk test, gait speed, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), are performed at baseline and at study termination. Participants are contacted monthly during treatment for outcomes disclosure. The primary endpoint of our study is the between-groups differences in posttreatment changes in plasma levels of N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide. Secondary endpoints include the differences between groups in the changes of echocardiography measurements, cardiopulmonary tests performance, body composition. The incidence of safety endpoints will also be diligently compared between study arms. Conclusion: The DARE-ESKD-2 trial will provide unprecedented data on the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of SGLT2i in ESKD individuals on dialysis. This study will pave the grounds for improving clinical outcomes of dialysis recipients.

Interruptions during general practice consultations: negative impact on physicians, and patients' indifference.

BACKGROUND: Interruptions can impact consultation duration, doctors and patients' satisfaction, and quality of care provided. Although most of them seem to have a negative impact, affecting doctor-patient relationship and interfering with clinical reasoning, which increases the risk of error, there is still no evidence on their global impact on consultations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the number and duration of interruptions during general practice consultations. To compare physicians and patients' perceptions of their urgency and impact, as well as the overall satisfaction with the consultation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of annual face-to-face general practice consultations at a Health Centre. Between January and March 2022, anonymous questionnaires were given to physicians and patients after consultation. We performed a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 403 consultations were included. Physicians reported more interruptions than patients (108 vs. 87, P < 0.001). From patients' perspective those interruptions were more urgent (34.5%) compared with physicians' perspective (20.6%; P = 0.029). Patients undervalued their impact on consultations (7.1% of interruptions with a negative impact among patients vs. 24.7% among doctors; P < 0.001). Interruptions did not interfere with patients' satisfaction with consultation (P = 0.135) but were associated with lower physicians' satisfaction with consultation (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Physicians are more critical regarding consultations interruptions, being more aware of their incidence and reporting more often a negative impact, which translates into lower satisfaction with interrupted consultations. Patients devalue the occurrence of interruptions, showing no concern about their impact on security or privacy, and their satisfaction is not affected by them.

Interruptions during consultations can impact their duration, doctors and patients' satisfaction, and the quality of care provided. This study aims to evaluate the number and duration of consultation interruptions, to compare physicians and patients' perceptions of their urgency and impact, as well as the overall satisfaction with the consultation. For that, 403 face-to-face general practice consultations were analysed through anonymous questionnaires given to doctors and patients after each consultation. Physicians were more critical regarding the consultation's interruptions, being more aware of their incidence and reporting more often a negative impact. This translated into a lower satisfaction with the consultation where an interruption occurred. Therefore, interruptions seemed to increase physicians stress and dissatisfaction, which may represent a risk factor for burnout and jeopardize patient safety. On the other hand, patients seemed not to be aware of the possible impact of interruptions during consultations. They not only devalued their occurrence, showing no concern about possible impact on their security or privacy, but also their satisfaction with the consultation was not affected by them.

ACERTO PROJECT: IMPACT ON ASSISTANCE OF A PUBLIC EMERGENCY HOSPITAL.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the goal-based approach was named Project ACERTO and has obtained good results when applied in elective surgeries with shorter hospitalization time, earlier return to activities without increased morbidity and mortality. AIM: To analyze the impact of ACERTO on emergency surgery care. METHODS: An intervention study was performed at a trauma hospital. Were compared 452 patients undergoing emergency surgery and followed up by the general surgery service from October to December 2018 (pre-ACERTO, n=243) and from March to June 2019 (post-ACERTO, n=209). Dietary reintroduction, volume of infused postoperative venous hydration, duration of use of catheters, probes and drains, postoperative analgesia, prevention of postoperative vomiting, early mobilization and physiotherapy were evaluated. RESULTS: After the ACERTO implantation there was earlier reintroduction of the diet, the earlier optimal caloric intake, earlier venous hydration withdrawal, higher postoperative analgesia prescription, postoperative vomiting prophylaxis and higher physiotherapy and mobilization prescription were achieved early in all (p<0.01); in the multivariate analysis there was no change in the complication rates observed before and after ACERTO (10.7% vs. 7.7% (p=0.268) and there was a decrease in the length of hospitalization after ACERTO (8,5 vs. 6,1 dias (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The implementation of the ACERTO project decreased the length of hospital stay, improved medical care provided without increasing the rates of complications evaluated.

Epilepsy and acute respiratory syndrome ­ related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): are people with epilepsy at risk? / Epilepsia e síndrome respiratória aguda relacionada ao coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): as pessoas com epilepsia estão em risco?

In February 2020, the pandemic disease designated COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown to be able to cause severe illness in some patients. Recent studies have hypothesized that the SARS-CoV-2 exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells and so reach the central nervous system1. Amid this context, we have about 50 million people with epilepsy taking antiseizure drugs (ASDs) and or other medications (eg.: steroids, Cannabidiol, etc.) that are at risk to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus. So, we did an extensive review in the literature searching for recent studies that had explored the effects of the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection and epilepsy. We did not find evidence of poor outcomes between epilepsy and COVID-19. Regarding ASDs, we have found that enzyme inducers and inhibitors can have significant interactions with drugs that have been used to treat COVID-19 such as antiretrovirals, antibiotics, and antimalarial drugs. In contrast, others have fewer or no interactions with them as such as benzodiazepines, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate, Perampanel, and so on. Besides that, the management of seizures in epileptic patients and status epilepticus should not be different from the usual protocol. However, the acknowledgment of these potential drug interactions could help in the right choice of ASDs, and also be aware of potential risk drug combinations and the importance in some cases of close monitoring of serum levels and adverse events.

Desde de Fevereiro de 2020, a doença pandêmica conhecida como COVID-19, causada pelo Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tem se mostrado capaz de acometer gravemente alguns pacientes. Estudos recentes levantaram hipóteses de que o SARSCoV-2 explora o receptor da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2) para entrar no interior das células e atingir o sistema nervoso central1 . Nesse contexto, temos cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas com epilepsia em uso de medicações antiepilépticas (DAEs) e ou outras medicações (como corticoesteroides, Canabidiol, etc.). Por isso, fizemos uma extensa revisão na literatura, buscando estudos recentes que exploraram os efeitos do papel da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e da epilepsia. Até o momento, não há evidências de que pessoas com epilepsia apresentam prognóstico ruim no que se refere ao COVID-19. No que se refere aos antiepilépticos, foi encontrado que indutores e inibidores enzimáticos são os que apresentam mais interação medicamentosa com drogas utilizadas no tratamento do COVID-19, tais como antirretrovirais, antibióticos, e drogas antimaláricas, enquanto outras apresentam pouca ou nenhuma interação com esses. Além disso, o manejo de crises epilépticas e estado de mal epiléptico não deve diferente do protocolo usual. No entanto, o reconhecimento das potenciais interações medicamentosas nesse contexto pode auxiliar na escolha correta do antiepiléptico, e alertar sobre os potenciais riscos de combinação entre drogas e a importância de em alguns casos monitorizar de perto os níveis séricos e eventos adversos.

Acerto project: impact on assistance of a public emergency hospital / Projeto acerto: impacto na assistência de um hospital público de emergência

ABSTRACT Background: In Brazil, the goal-based approach was named Project ACERTO and has obtained good results when applied in elective surgeries with shorter hospitalization time, earlier return to activities without increased morbidity and mortality. Aim: To analyze the impact of ACERTO on emergency surgery care. Methods: An intervention study was performed at a trauma hospital. Were compared 452 patients undergoing emergency surgery and followed up by the general surgery service from October to December 2018 (pre-ACERTO, n=243) and from March to June 2019 (post-ACERTO, n=209). Dietary reintroduction, volume of infused postoperative venous hydration, duration of use of catheters, probes and drains, postoperative analgesia, prevention of postoperative vomiting, early mobilization and physiotherapy were evaluated. Results: After the ACERTO implantation there was earlier reintroduction of the diet, the earlier optimal caloric intake, earlier venous hydration withdrawal, higher postoperative analgesia prescription, postoperative vomiting prophylaxis and higher physiotherapy and mobilization prescription were achieved early in all (p<0.01); in the multivariate analysis there was no change in the complication rates observed before and after ACERTO (10.7% vs. 7.7% (p=0.268) and there was a decrease in the length of hospitalization after ACERTO (8,5 vs. 6,1 dias (p=0.008). Conclusion: The implementation of the ACERTO project decreased the length of hospital stay, improved medical care provided without increasing the rates of complications evaluated.

RESUMO Racional: No Brasil, a abordagem baseada em metas foi nomeada de Projeto ACERTO e tem obtido bons resultados quando aplicada em operações eletivas com diminuição do tempo de internação, retorno mais precoce as atividades sem incremento de morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto do ACERTO na assistência prestada em operações de emergência. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de intervenção em hospital de trauma. Foram comparados 452 pacientes submetidos à operações de emergência e acompanhados pelo serviço de cirurgia geral no período de outubro a dezembro de 2018 (fase pré-ACERTO, n=243) e no período de março a junho de 2019 (fase pós-ACERTO, n=209). Foram avaliados: reintrodução da dieta, volume de hidratação venosa pós-operatória infundido, tempo de uso de catéteres, sondas e drenos, analgesia pós-operatória, prevenção de vômitos pós-operatórios, mobilização precoce e fisioterapia. Resultados: Após a implantação do ACERTO houve reintrodução mais precoce da dieta, foi atingido o aporte calórico ideal mais precocemente, retirada mais precoce da hidratação venosa, maior prescrição de analgesia pós-operatória, de profilaxia de vômitos pós-operatórios e maior prescrição de fisioterapia e mobilização precoce em todos (p<0,01); na análise multivariada não houve alteração nas taxas de complicações observadas pré e pós-ACERTO (10,7% vs. 7,7% (p=0,268) e houve diminuição do tempo de internação pós-ACERTO (8,5 vs. 6,1 dias (p=0.008). Conclusão: A implantação do projeto ACERTO diminuiu o tempo de internação hospitalar, melhorou a assistência médica prestada sem incremento das taxas de complicações avaliadas.

Confiabilidade e concordância intra e interavaliadores na avaliação da pressão perineal em nulíparas / Intra- and inter-raters reliability and concordance in the evaluation of perineal pressure in nulliparous

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a confiabilidade e concordância intra e interavaliadores na avaliação da pressão perineal em nulíparas. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas mulheres jovens, saudáveis, nulíparas, não gestantes, que já haviam tido relação sexual e apresentavam correta contração da musculatura perineal ao exame físico. Foram excluídas mulheres que na contração perineal utilizavam outros músculos de forma visualmente perceptível; com alteração do tônus dos músculos pélvicos; com incontinência urinária; com alterações cognitivas; com doença que pudesse afetar os tecidos muscular e nervoso; ou praticantes de atividade física de alto impacto. As participantes foram submetidas a duas avaliações da pressão perineal no mesmo dia, com avaliadores distintos. Após uma semana repetiu-se o protocolo. A pressão perineal foi determinada por meio de um perineômetro e obtida pela diferença entre a pressão máxima (Pmáx) e a pressão mínima (Pmín), registradas pelo aparelho, em milímetros de mercúrio. A contração sustentada (CS) foi avaliada pelo tempo em segundos. Para determinar a confiabilidade foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Para a análise de concordância foi utilizado o teste de Bland-Altman. A comparação de médias foi realizada pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Um valor de p≤0,05 foi considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 10 participantes, com média de idade de 23,8±2,9 anos e índice de massa corporal de 22,2±1,8 kg/m². O avaliador A obteve confiabilidade intra-avaliador excelente para Pmín (ICC=0,86; p<0,01) e Pmáx (ICC=0,92; p<0,01); muito boa para pressão perineal (ICC= 0,65; p=0,01); e sem significância estatística para CS. Para o avaliador B, não houve significância estatística para Pmín e Pmáx, mas houve confiabilidade muito boa para pressão perineal (ICC=0,78; p<0,01) e CS (ICC= 0,70; p<0,01). Na análise interavaliadores (A vs B), no dia 1 não houve significância estatística para Pmín, Pmáx e pressão perineal; mas houve confiabilidade muito boa para CS (ICC= 0,71; p<0,01). No dia 2 não houve significância estatística para Pmín e Pmáx, mas houve confiabilidade muito boa para pressão perineal (ICC=0,62; p=0,02) e boa para CS (ICC=0,56; p=0,03). Houve concordância entre as mensurações intra e interavaliadores. CONCLUSÕES: A aferição da pressão perineal apresentou confiabilidade intra-avaliador muito boa e interavaliadores boa a muito boa, com concordância intra e interavaliadores.

AIMS: To verify intra and inter-rater reliability and concordance in the assessment of perineal pressure in nulliparous women. METHODS: Young, healthy, nulliparous, non-pregnant women who had had sexual intercourse and had a correct contraction of the perineal musculature on physical examination were included. Women were excluded if they used other muscles in a visually perceptible way during the perineal contraction; with changes in the pelvic muscles tone; with urinary incontinence; with cognitive alterations; with disease that could affect the muscular and nervous tissues; or practitioners of high-impact physical activity. The participants were submitted to two assessments of perineal pressure on the same day, with different evaluators. After one week the protocol was repeated. Perineal pressure was determined by means of a perineometer and obtained by the difference between the maximum pressure (Pmax) and the minimum pressure (Pmin) recorded by the device, in millimeters of mercury. Sustained contraction (SC) was evaluated by the time in seconds. In order to determine reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Bland-Altman test was used for the concordance analysis. Comparison of means was performed by the Wilcoxon test. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Ten participants were included, with a mean age of 23.8±2.9 years and a body mass index of 22.2±1.8kg/m². The evaluator A obtained excellent intra-rater reliability for Pmin (ICC=0.86, p<0.01) and Pmax (ICC=0.92, p<0.01); very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.65, p=0.01); and no statistical significance for SC. For evaluator B, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.78, p<0.01) and SC (ICC=0.70, p<0.01). In the inter-rater analysis (A vs B), on day 1 there was no statistical significance for Pmin, Pmax and perineal pressure; but there was very good reliability for SC (ICC=0.71, p<0.01). On day 2, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.62, p=0.02) and good for SC (ICC=0.56, p=0.03). There was agreement between intra and inter-rater measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Perineal pressure measurements showed very good intra-rater reliability and good to very good inter-rater reliability, with intra and inter-rater concordance.

Risco ecológico da Bacia Hidrográfica Lagos São João, RJ / Ecological risk of Lagos São João River Basin, RJ, Brazil

RESUMO A Bacia Hidrográfica Lagos São João (BHLSJ), no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, é reconhecidamente de grande importância para a conservação de recursos naturais e hídricos. No entanto, apesar dos constantes esforços de conservação e recuperação dos ecossistemas aquáticos, as ameaças e os desafios de gestão são diversos. A gestão dos recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas requer processos de tomada de decisão assertivos, para garantir a conservação das águas (em quantidade e qualidade) e os seus múltiplos usos. Para maior efetividade, esses processos demandam análise integrada de um grande número de variáveis que, em conjunto, podem gerar diferentes alternativas de gestão e cenários, facilitando, assim, a tomada de decisão. Nesse sentido, ferramentas de análise que possam identificar, quantificar e espacializar as ameaças efetivas à integridade ecológica dos ecossistemas aquáticos em bacias hidrográficas tornam-se relevantes. O presente artigo teve por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento e os resultados do diagnóstico da BHLSJ, gerado por meio de um protocolo baseado no risco à integridade ecológica. Como resultado da aplicação dessa metodologia, pode-se concluir que a BHLSJ se encontra em situação de moderado a alto risco ecológico - sendo ameaçada, principalmente, por fatores como a retificação dos rios e as pastagens degradadas - e necessita de ações urgentes de recuperação, com foco nas unidades hidrológicas mais ameaçadas.

ABSTRACT Lagos São João River Basin, located in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, is known of great importance for the conservation of natural and water resources. However, despite constant efforts to conserve and restore the aquatic ecosystems, many are the threats and management challenges. The water resources management in river basins requires assertive decision-making processes to ensure the conservation of water quantity and quality and its multiple uses. Aiming to be more effective, these processes require an integrated analysis of a large number of variables, which together can lead to different management alternatives and scenarios, thereby facilitating decision-making. In this sense, analytical tools that can identify, quantify and spacialize the current threats to the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems become relevant. This article aimed to present the development and results of the diagnosis of Lagos São João River Basin, generated through a risk-based protocol to ecological integrity. As a result of the application of this methodology, it can be concluded that Lagos São João River Basin is in a situation of moderate to high ecological risk, being threaten by river engineering and degraded grassland, demanding urgent restoration actions, focusing on the most endangered hydrologic units.

Prevalence and factors associated with sexual dysfunction in climacteric women / Prevalência e fatores associados à disfunção sexual em mulheres climatéricas

The present study aimed to verify the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in climacteric women and associated factors. This study had a cross-sectional and analytical design with women in the age group of 35 to 65 years, located in the Family Health Strategy units of the city of Ijuí, RS. The sociodemographic data and the health conditions were collected at home. Later in a urofunctional consultation they answered the questionnaire "The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)" and provided information regarding their menstrual cycle and urinary continence. Of the 71 participants, 59.15% had sexual dysfunction. Among the risk factors for dysfunction the low level of education, aged over 50 years, non-reproductive period and occurrence of at least one vaginal delivery were observed. Among the total number of FSFI domains, the mean number of women with sexual dysfunction was 21.64±3.52 and the women with no dysfunction were 29.77±2.08. When discriminating the groups with and without dysfunction, the highest averages were in the pain and lubrification domains, respectively. These findings reinforce the importance of knowing the possible risk factors for dysfunction and the need to address this clinical condition in order to prevent it and ensure sexual health during the aging process.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de disfunção sexual em mulheres no climatério e fatores associados. Delineamento transversal e analítico com mulheres na faixa etária de 35 a 65 anos adstritas as unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Ijuí/RS. Os dados sociodemográficos e as condições de saúde foram coletadas no domicílio e posteriormente em consulta urofuncional responderam ao questionário "The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)" e informações referentes ao ciclo menstrual e continência urinária. Das 71 participantes, 59,15% apresentaram disfunção sexual. Entre os fatores de risco para a disfunção evidenciaram-se o baixo nível educacional, idade acima de 50 anos, período não reprodutivo e ocorrência de pelo menos um parto vaginal. Entre a soma dos domínios do FSFI a média das mulheres com disfunção sexual foi de 21,64±3,52 e das mulheres sem disfunção de 29,77±2,08, quando discriminados os grupos com e sem disfunção, as maiores médias foram nos domínios dor e lubrificação, respectivamente. Esses achados reforçam a importância de conhecer os possíveis fatores de risco de disfunção e a necessidade de abordar essa condição clínica a fim de preveni-la e garantir a saúde sexual durante o processo de envelhecimento.

Antenatal corticosteroid treatment for the prevention of peri-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm newborns: a retrospective cohort study using transfontanelle ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between antenatal corticosteroids and peri-intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) using transfontanelle ultrasonography, as well as to evaluate the risk factors for its incidence. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using medical records of preterm newborns. The protocol for maternal corticoid administration for foetal lung maturation included dexamethasone 4 mg (intramuscular) 8/8 hours per 48 hours, with one cycle per week. The diagnosis of periintraventricular haemorrhage was based on transfontanelle ultrasonography, using the Papile's classification. The following risk factors for peri-intraventricular haemorrhage were assessed: birth weight, gestational age at delivery, type of delivery, newborn's sex, surfactant administration, premature rupture of membranes and previous history of infection during the current pregnancy. The student's t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Our sample population included 184 preterm newborns. Transfontanelle ultrasonography revealed peri-intraventricular haemorrhage in 32 (74.4%) and periventricular leukomalacia in 11 (25.6%) newborns. Grade I haemorrhage was found in 20 (62.5%), grade II in five (15.6%), and grade III in seven (21.8%) newborns, as in accordance with Papile's classification. Vaginal delivery (p = 0.010), birth weight <1500 g (p = 0.024), gestational age at delivery ≤32 weeks (p = 0.018), and previous history of infection during pregnancy (p = 0.013) were considered risk factors for peri-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm newborns. CONCLUSION: Maternal corticoid administration for foetal lung maturation showed a protective effect against peri-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm newborns. The risk factors for peri-intraventricular haemorrhage were determined.

[Inadequacy of the content of prenatal care and associated factors in a cohort in the northeast of Brazil]. / Inadequação do conteúdo da assistência pré-natal e fatores associados em uma coorte no nordeste brasileiro.

The scope of this study was to analyze the content of prenatal care in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, and the factors associated with its inadequacy. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the birth cohort of São Luís in 2010. The content of prenatal care was defined as inadequate when it did not meet the criteria of the Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Delivery Care, which establishes early initiation of prenatal care, minimum number of medical consultations, basic laboratory tests, tetanus vaccination and obstetric procedures. Poisson regression was used to observe associations of the variables with the outcome. The inadequacy rate was high (60.2%). The variables associated with inadequacy were: class C socioeconomic status (PR = 1.39; CI = 1.26-1.55); class D/E socioeconomic status (PR = 1.60; CI = 1.43-1.79); unqualified/unemployed mother (PR = 1.24; CI = 1.11-1.37); 5-8 years of schooling (PR = 1.12; CI = 1.06-1.19); 0-4 years of schooling (PR = 1.13; CI = 1.01-1.26); not being religious (PR = 1.10; CI = 1.04-1.17); alcohol use during pregnancy (PR = 1.13; CI = 1.06-1.20), and being attended by the public service (PR = 1.75; CI = 1.54-2.00). The results showed inadequacy and inequality of prenatal care, revealing that women of lower socioeconomic status received lower quality care.

Inadequação do conteúdo da assistência pré-natal e fatores associados em uma coorte no nordeste brasileiro / Inadequacy of the content of prenatal care and associated factors in a cohort in the northeast of Brazil

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o conteúdo da assistência pré-natal em São Luís e os fatores associados com sua inadequação. Realizou-se estudo transversal baseado em dados da coorte de nascimento de São Luís em 2010. O conteúdo da assistência pré-natal foi classificado como inadequado quando não atendeu aos critérios do Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento (PHPN) que estabelece o início precoce, o número mínimo de consultas, os exames laboratoriais básicos, a vacinação antitetânica e os procedimentos obstétricos. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para observar associações das variáveis com o desfecho. A taxa de inadequação foi de 60,2%. O pré-natal inadequado foi associado à classe econômica C (RP = 1,39; IC = 1,26-1,55), à D/E (RP = 1,60; IC = 1,43-1,79), à ocupação da mãe não qualificada/desempregada (RP = 1,24; IC = 1,11-1,37), à escolaridade de 5-8 anos (RP = 1,12; IC = 1,06-1,19) e de 0-4 anos (RP = 1,13; IC = 1,01-1,26), a não ter religião (RP = 1,10; IC = 1,04-1,17), ao uso de álcool durante a gestação (RP = 1,13; IC = 1,06-1,20) e ao atendimento no serviço público (RP = 1,75; IC = 1,54-2,00). Os resultados demonstraram inadequação e iniquidade da assistência pré-natal, evidenciando que mulheres de pior condição socioeconômica foram as que receberam assistência de menor qualidade.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the content of prenatal care in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, and the factors associated with its inadequacy. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the birth cohort of São Luís in 2010. The content of prenatal care was defined as inadequate when it did not meet the criteria of the Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Delivery Care, which establishes early initiation of prenatal care, minimum number of medical consultations, basic laboratory tests, tetanus vaccination and obstetric procedures. Poisson regression was used to observe associations of the variables with the outcome. The inadequacy rate was high (60.2%). The variables associated with inadequacy were: class C socioeconomic status (PR = 1.39; CI = 1.26-1.55); class D/E socioeconomic status (PR = 1.60; CI = 1.43-1.79); unqualified/unemployed mother (PR = 1.24; CI = 1.11-1.37); 5-8 years of schooling (PR = 1.12; CI = 1.06-1.19); 0-4 years of schooling (PR = 1.13; CI = 1.01-1.26); not being religious (PR = 1.10; CI = 1.04-1.17); alcohol use during pregnancy (PR = 1.13; CI = 1.06-1.20), and being attended by the public service (PR = 1.75; CI = 1.54-2.00). The results showed inadequacy and inequality of prenatal care, revealing that women of lower socioeconomic status received lower quality care.

O desempenho da escala de Oxford e do biofeedback manométrico perineal na avaliação da incontinência urinária de esforço em mulheres no período do climatério / Performance of the Oxford scale and of the manometric perineal biofeedback in the evaluation of stress urinary incontinence in climacteric women

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o desempenho de dois métodos de aferição da força muscular perineal: palpação vaginal utilizando a escala de Oxford modificada e biofeedback manométrico perineal, no diagnóstico da incontinência urinária de esforço em mulheres no período do climatério. MÉTODOS: A população do estudo foram mulheres na faixa etária de 35 a 65 anos (período do climatério), cadastradas em unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família dos municípios de Ijuí/RS e Catuípe/RS. Para a seleção da amostra consideraram-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ter realizado a avaliação urofuncional por anamnese e exame físico; mulheres continentes ou com incontinência urinária de esforço. A avaliação da funcionalidade do assoalho pélvico foi realizada através da palpação digital vaginal da musculatura perineal e da mensuração da pressão perineal por biofeedback manométrico perineal. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do programa IBM SPSS versão 18.0. A associação entre o grau de força muscular e a condição de continência urinária foi avaliada pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Para comparar as médias dos valores de pressão perineal segundo o grau de força muscular categorizado foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes. Um valor de p≤0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 50 mulheres, sendo que 28 (56%) apresentavam continência urinária, enquanto que 22 (44%) apresentavam incontinência de esforço. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o grau de força muscular e a condição de continência urinária (p=0,96). Ao comparar as médias dos valores da pressão perineal das mulheres continentes e das incontinentes não foi observada diferença significativa. Foi obtido um valor preditivo positivo de 93% do biofeedback manométrico perineal, mas a acurácia do mesmo foi de 46% e a da escala de Oxford modificada foi de 54%. CONCLUSÕES: Quando usados isoladamente, os dois métodos de avaliação da funcionalidade dos músculos do assoalho pélvico ­ escala de Oxford e biofeedback manométrico perineal ­ não foram conclusivos para o diagnóstico da incontinência urinária de esforço em mulheres no período do climatério.

AIMS: To verify the efficiency of two methods for perineal muscle strength assessment ­ vaginal digital palpation using the modified Oxford scale and manometric perineal biofeedback ­ in the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence in climacteric women. METHODS: The study population consisted of women aged 35 to 65 years (in the climacteric) enrolled at Family Health Strategy units in two southern Brazilian towns (Ijuí and Catuípe). The following inclusion criteria were used for sample selection: functional assessment of the urinary tract (history and physical examination) and continent women or women with stress urinary incontinence. The evaluation of pelvic floor functionality was performed by digitally palpating the vaginal and perineal muscles and measuring perineal pressure using manometric perineal biofeedback. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 18.0. The association between the degree of muscle strength and continence status was analyzed using the chi-square test. The perineal pressure mean values, based on the degree of muscle strength, were calculated by the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study included 50 women ­ 28 (56%) with urinary continence and 22 (44%) with stress urinary incontinence. No statistically significant association was observed between the degree of muscle strength and urinary continence status (p=0.96). No statistically significant difference was found in the comparison of the perineal pressure mean values of continent and incontinent women. A positive predictive value of 93% was obtained with manometric perineal biofeedback, but its accuracy was as low as 46% whereas that of the modified Oxford scale was 54%. CONCLUSIONS: Neither of the methods used to assess the functionality of the pelvic floor muscles ­ Oxford scale and manometric perineal biofeedback ­ when used separately, were conclusive regarding the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence in climacteric women.

Concepções de usuários de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família referentes à educação e promoção em saúde / Users' concepts of a Family Health Strategy related to education and health promotion / Conceptos de usuarios de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia referentes a la educación y a la promoción de la salud

Objetivo: analisar concepções de saúde de usuários de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família e a interface destas com as ações de educação e de promoção em saúde. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com três famílias. As informações obtidas foram analisadas conforme preceitos da pesquisa socioantropológica, compreendida em quatro princípios: ético, ecológico, político e pedagógico. Resultados: usuários com baixa escolaridade e renda familiar. O conceito de saúde é subjetivo, emerge a partir das experiências vividas pelos respectivos sujeitos. Relacionam doença à falta de cuidado de si, impossibilidade de realizar atividades da vida diária, aliado à dor. Eles desconhecem a existência atividades de educação em saúde na respectiva unidade. Conclusão: conhecer o cotidiano, condições de vida, aspectos sociais, culturais de usuários é importante para implementar ações de promoção em saúde.(AU)

Objective: analyzing health conceptions of users of a Family Health Strategy and the interface of these with the actions of education and health promotion. Method: a descriptive study of a qualitative approach performed in a Family Health Strategy in the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with three families. The information obtained was analyzed according to precepts of socio-anthropological studies, ranging on four principles: ethical, ecological, political and pedagogical. Results: users with low educational level and family income. The concept of health is subjective; it emerges from the experiences of the respective subjects. Relate disease to lack of self-care, inability to perform activities of daily living, combined with pain. They are unaware of the existence of health education activities in the respective unit. Conclusion: recognizing the daily life, living conditions, social aspects, and cultural users is important to implement health promotion actions.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las concepciones de salud de los usuarios de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y la interfaz de éstos con las acciones de educación y promoción de la salud. Método: este es un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en el noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul, con tres familias. La información obtenida se analizó como preceptos de estudios socioantropológicos, que van en cuatro principios: ético, ecológico, político y pedagógico. Resultados: los usuarios con bajo nivel de educación y el ingreso familiar. El concepto de salud es subjetivo, se desprende de las experiencias de los sujetos respectivos. Relacionan la enfermedad a la falta de autocuidado, incapacidad para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, junto con el dolor. Ellos desconocen la existencia de actividades de educación para la salud en la unidad. Conclusión: para conocer la vida cotidiana, las condiciones de vida, los aspectos sociales, culturales de usuarios es importante la implementación de actividades de promoción de la salud.(AU)

Perfil sociodemográfico e condição bucal de usuários de drogas em dois municípios do Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Sociodemographic profile and oral condition of drug users in two municipalities of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Introdução: A pesquisa das condições bucais de usuários de drogas é importante para ser conhecida esta população, cujo crescimento é ascendente no Brasil, a fim de que metas preventivas e atendimento adequado sejam traçados. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a condição bucal desta população, em dois municípios paranaenses. Material e método: Foram coletados, por meio de questionário e de exame físico, dados de 100 indivíduos. Foram obtidos os seguintes valores: índice CPOD, profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), índice gengival (IG), índice de placa (IP) e sangramento à sondagem (SS). Após análise descritiva inicial, empregaram-se os testes t de Student e ANOVA one way. Resultado: A média da idade foi 29,12 anos. As maiores frequências foram: gênero masculino (95,5%), solteiros (69,0%), baixa escolaridade (41%) e maior consumo de drogas lícitas - tabaco (90,9%) e álcool (84,5%) - seguidas de crack (80,9%) e maconha (77,3%). A média do CPOD foi 15,21 (DP=5,84) e quanto maior o tempo de dependência, maior este índice (p<0,05). A média da PS foi 3,55 e do NIC, 3,59. O SS ocorreu em 82,7% dos casos e a inflamação moderada, em 79,5%. Placa detectável e moderado acúmulo de placa foram identificados em 39,5% e 35,3%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Predominaram indivíduos do gênero masculino, jovens, solteiros, com baixa escolaridade e consumidores de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, com condição bucal ruim. Sugere-se mais atenção dos profissionais da área odontológica e dos elaboradores de políticas públicas, com vistas a esta população.

Introduction: Epidemiological survey of the oral conditions of drug users is an important strategy to know this population, whose growth is increasing in Brazil, so that preventive goals and adequate treatment can be proposed. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic profile and oral health condition of drug users in rehab of two municipalities of the State of Paraná. Material and method: One hundred individuals participated in the study, which data were collected by questionnaire and physical exam. The following values were obtained: DMFT index (decay-missing-filled index), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Data analyses were performed by Student t test and one-way ANOVA. Result: The mean age of participants was 29.12 years. The major frequencies were: male (95.5%), single (69.0%), lower schooling (41%) and higher consumption of licit drugs tobacco (90.9%) and alcohol (84.5%), followed by crack (80.9%), and marijuana (77.3%). The mean DMFT index was 15.21 (SD=5.84), and the longer the dependence time, the greater this index (p<0.05). Mean PD was 3.55 and mean CAL was 3.59. BOP occurred in 82.7% and 79.5% showed moderate inflammation. Detectable plaque and moderate plaque accumulation were observed in 39.5% and 35.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence was observed in young and single males with low schooling, and with consumption of licit and illicit drugs. Poor oral health condition was identified, which deserves more attention from health professional and policymakers for this population.

Perinatal outcomes from the use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perinatal results from epileptic women using antiepileptic drugs during prenatal care. METHODS: This was a retrospective longitudinal study assessing the perinatal results of women exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy, and we compared these results with those of pregnant women who were not exposed. The development of pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, Apgar scores, biometric data, morbidity, stillbirths and neonatal mortality were analyzed. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for the categorical variables, while Student's t-test was used for independent numerical variables. RESULTS: Over a 10-year period, 12 790 singleton gestations were analyzed, among which 104 (0.8%) consisted of epileptic pregnant women. From this total, 82 evolved to childbirth and their neonatal data were compared with those of 316 newborns from non-epileptic women. The most-used antiepileptic drug was phenobarbital in 70% of the cases. There was greater neonatal mortality (p = 0.006), occurrence of neonatal hemorrhagic disorders (p = 0.005), and occurrence of minor congenital anomalies (p = 0.03) among the children of women exposed to antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSION: The antenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs is associated mainly with occurrences of hemorrhagic complications during the neonatal period; furthermore, great prevalence of newborns presenting minor congenital anomalies and elevated risk of neonatal mortality.

Management of Sjogren's Syndrome Patient: A Case Report of Prosthetic Rehabilitation with 6-Year Follow-Up.

Completely and partially edentulous patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) experience severe hyposalivation, xerostomia, and considerable difficulty in using tissue-supported prosthesis. This clinical paper describes the management, treatment, and 6-year follow-up of a patient diagnosed with SS type II, who uses corticosteroids and antihyperglycemic drugs. The patient received restorative, periodontal, and surgical treatments followed by implant-supported fixed prosthesis. Radiographic evaluation and probing depth showed gingival health and no bone loss after 6 years. Treatment with implant-retained dental prosthesis greatly increased comfort and function, offering an alternative to patients with SS.

Applying the maternal near miss approach for the evaluation of quality of obstetric care: a worked example from a Multicenter Surveillance Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess quality of care of women with severe maternal morbidity and to identify associated factors. METHOD: This is a national multicenter cross-sectional study performing surveillance for severe maternal morbidity, using the World Health Organization criteria. The expected number of maternal deaths was calculated with the maternal severity index (MSI) based on the severity of complication, and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for each center was estimated. Analyses on the adequacy of care were performed. RESULTS: 17 hospitals were classified as providing adequate and 10 as nonadequate care. Besides almost twofold increase in maternal mortality ratio, the main factors associated with nonadequate performance were geographic difficulty in accessing health services (P < 0.001), delays related to quality of medical care (P = 0.012), absence of blood derivatives (P = 0.013), difficulties of communication between health services (P = 0.004), and any delay during the whole process (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: This is an example of how evaluation of the performance of health services is possible, using a benchmarking tool specific to Obstetrics. In this study the MSI was a useful tool for identifying differences in maternal mortality ratios and factors associated with nonadequate performance of care.

Antenatal diagnosis of renal duplication by ultrasonography: report on four cases at a referral center.

Duplication of the renal collecting system is the commonest major congenital malformation of the urinary tract, with an incidence of 1% among live births. Antenatal diagnosing of renal duplication and an associated ureterocele is infrequent. We report four cases of prenatally diagnosed unilateral duplication of the renal collecting system. In two of them, the renal duplication was associated with an ectopic ureterocele.

Programa individualizado de exercícios para incontinência urinária executado no espaço domiciliar / Individualized exercise program for Urinary incontinence performed in the home space

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficiência de um programa individualizado de exercícios para incontinência urinária executado no espaço domiciliar sob supervisão e avaliação sistemática do fisioterapeuta.Métodos: A população do estudo foi constituída por mulheres pós-menopausa, entre 50 a 65 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de Catuípe, Rio Grande do Sul. Para a seleção da amostra consideraram-se como critérios de inclusão o diagnóstico urofuncional de incontinência urinária e a adesão ao protocolo de intervenção, constituído pelo treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e ginástica hipopressiva executado durante 12 semanas, com supervisão e acompanhamento sistemático pelo fisioterapeuta. A avaliação foi realizada pré e pós-intervenção e constituiu-se em anamnese e avaliação funcional da musculatura do assoalho pélvico.Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por cinco mulheres. O protocolo aplicado promoveu o incremento da força muscular, tempo de sustentação da contração muscular, aumento da velocidade de contração e número de repetições da musculatura do assoalho pélvico. Os dados mostram a redução de 80% de queixas de perda de urina ao esforço; redução de 40% na sensação de vontade de urinar em situações de estresse, frio, barulho de torneira e mãos na água; e na continência de 100% das mulheres em situação de instabilidade.Conclusões: Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que o programa de exercícios individualizado executado no espaço domiciliar, sob supervisão e avaliação sistemática do fisioterapeuta, foi eficiente no tratamento da incontinência urinária...

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized exercise program for urinary incontinence performed in the home space under supervision and systematic evaluation of the physiotherapist.Methods: The study population consisted of postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of Catuípe, Rio Grande do Sul. The criteria of inclusion considered for selection of the sample were urofuncional urinary incontinence and adherence to the intervention protocol, consisting of training of the pelvic floor muscles and hipopressiva gym run for 12 weeks, with systematic monitoring and supervision by the physiotherapist. The evaluation was performed pre-and post-intervention and was constituted by history and functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles.Results: The sample consisted of five women. The protocol used has favored the increase of muscle strength, time of sustained muscle contraction, increased contraction speed and number of repetitions of the pelvic floor muscles. The data show an 80% reduction in complaints of loss of urine on exertion, 40% reduction in the sensation of the urge to urinate in situations of stress, cold, noise tap and hands in water, and 100% continence in women in instability.Conclusions: The study results show that individualized home exercise program performed in home space and under the supervision of a physiotherapist systematic review was effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence...

Clinical effectiveness of light-curing units of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Goias

Introduction: The clinical longevity of the procedures is directly associated to the adequate activation (photopolymerization) of adhesive restorative materials. Objective: To evaluate and compare by allocation the conservation status and power density of the light-curing units available at the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Goias (FO/FUG) for clinical care. Material and methods: The following information and specific techniques of all light sources existing at FO/UFG, available for clinical care in 2011, were collected: dental/ambulatory clinic where they are located, type of source [device of halogen light and light-emitting diode (LED)], brand, parallelism test (halogen light sources), state of conservation of the light transmitter tip, density of the potency/intensity/irradiance in mW/cm2 and acquisition date. The data obtained were submitted to one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Turkey test for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). Results: In the second half of 2011, FO/UFG had 20 light sources (04 halogens and 16 LEDs), of which 90% were found in inadequate condition and 55% of those with power density less than 300 mW/cm2. There was no statistically significant difference in the power density between halogen and LED sources tested (P = 0.526). Likewise, no statistical difference was observed between the power density of the light sources (LED) placed at the Clinic II and III (P = 0.479). Also there was no statistically significant difference between the light sources (LED Halogen X) at the Clinic I (P = 0.943). Conclusion: The light sources regardless of the clinic in which they were located presented mostly with inadequate clinical effectiveness in terms of their conservation status and power density.