Iron(III) cross-linked hydrogels based on Alteromonas macleodii Mo 169 exopolysaccharide.

Recently, polysaccharide-based hydrogels crosslinked with the trivalent iron cation have attracted interest due to their remarkable properties that include high mechanical stability, stimuli-responsiveness, and enhanced absorptivity. In this study, a Fe3+ crosslinked hydrogel was prepared using the biocompatible extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) secreted by the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii Mo169. Hydrogels with mechanical strengths (G') ranging from 0.3 kPa to 44.5 kPa were obtained as a result of the combination of different Fe3+ (0.05-9.95 g L-1) and EPS (0.3-1.7 %) concentrations. All the hydrogels had a water content above 98 %. Three different hydrogels, named HA, HB, and HC, were chosen for further characterization. With strength values (G') of 3.2, 28.9, and 44.5 kPa, respectively, these hydrogels might meet the strength requirements for several specific applications. Their mechanical resistance increased as higher Fe3+ and polymer concentrations were used in their preparation (the compressive hardness increased from 8.7 to 192.1 kPa for hydrogel HA and HC, respectively). In addition, a tighter mesh was noticed for HC, which was correlated to its lower swelling ratio value compared to HA and HB. Overall, this preliminary study highlighted the potential of these hydrogels for tissue engineering, drug delivery, or wound healing applications.

Cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to low molecular weight heparins in pregnancy, cross reactivity and prednisolone treatment: A case report.

In pregnant women, low molecular weight heparin is recommended as the preferred agent for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment. Despite their widespread application, heparin-induced skin lesions are probably under-reported and under-estimated. We present a case report of a primigravida treated with low molecular weight heparin for deep vein thrombosis, who developed a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to enoxaparin, tinzaparin and dalteparin. As the patient was pregnant, treatment options were restricted. Tolerance was achieved with dalteparin with adjuvant administration of prednisolone. An attempt to decrease prednisolone dose triggered delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction recurrence that was solved by keeping the initial prednisolone prescription. To the best of our knowledge, there are no described cases using this approach. In cases of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to low molecular weight heparin during pregnancy our case suggests that switching low molecular weight heparin and adjuvant administration of prednisolone can be an option.

Complicações da utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual na pandemia de COVID-19 / Complications of personal protective equipment use during the COVID-19 pandemic / Complicaciones de la utilización de equipos de protección individual en la pandemia de COVID-19

Resumo Enquadramento: Em 2020, a COVID-19 é declarada pandemia. Os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) surgem como medida eficaz para prevenir e controlar a transmissão, provocando diversas complicações nos profissionais. Objetivos: Identificar as complicações decorrentes da utilização de EPIs. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 118 profissionais de uma unidade local de saúde, responderam a um questionário online, através do convite, via email, do gestor do serviço. Parecer favorável da Comissão de Ética. Resultados: O respirador FPP2 (96,6%), a bata (79,6%) e o fato integral (89,3%) foram responsáveis pela maioria das complicações, predominou a hiperidrose relacionada com o uso de fato integral (95,3%), avental (93,1%) e bata (92,0%), as quedas associadas ao uso dos protetores dos sapatos (94,6%), a xerodermia com o uso de luvas (65,2%) e a dificuldade na comunicação verbal relacionada com o uso de máscaras. Conclusão: As complicações mais frequentes foram a hiperidrose, as quedas e a xerodermia, sugerindo-se o reforço de hidratação oral e cutânea bem como a limitação de utilização dos EPIs ao tempo absolutamente necessário.

Abstract Background: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in 2020. Personal protective equipment (PPE) emerged as an effective measure to prevent and control transmission, resulting in several complications for health professionals. Objectives: To identify complications related to PPE use. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 118 professionals from a local health unit who received an email invitation from the department manager to answer an online questionnaire. It received a favorable opinion from an Ethics Committee. Results: Most complications were associated with FPP2 respirators (96.6%), gowns (79.6%), and coveralls (89.3%), namely hyperhidrosis from wearing coveralls (95.3%), aprons (93.1%), and gowns (92.0%), falls from using shoe covers (94.6%), xeroderma from wearing gloves (65.2%), and oral communication difficulties due to mask use. Conclusion: The most frequent complications were hyperhidrosis, falls, and xeroderma. Oral and skin hydration is recommended. PPE should be worn for the minimum time possible.

Resumen Marco contextual: En 2020, el COVID-19 se declara pandemia. Los equipos de protección individual (EPI) surgen como medida eficaz para prevenir y controlar la transmisión, lo que provoca diversas complicaciones en los profesionales. Objetivos: Identificar las complicaciones derivadas del uso de EPI. Metodología: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado en 118 profesionales de una unidad de salud local, que respondieron un cuestionario en línea a través de una invitación, vía correo electrónico, del responsable del servicio. Dictamen favorable del Comité de Ética. Resultados: El respirador FPP2 (96,6%), la bata (79,6%) y el traje general (89,3%) fueron los responsables de la mayoría de las complicaciones, la hiperhidrosis relacionada con el uso del traje general (95,3%), el delantal (93,1%) y la bata (92,0%), las caídas asociadas al uso de cubrezapatos (94,6%), la xerodermia con el uso de guantes (65,2%) y la dificultad en la comunicación verbal relacionada con el uso de mascarillas. Conclusión: Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron hiperhidrosis, caídas y xerodermia, lo que sugiere reforzar la hidratación oral y cutánea, así como limitar el uso de EPI al tiempo absolutamente necesario.

Análise dos fatores da infeção do local cirúrgico em doentes submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica major / Analysis of risk factors for surgical site infection in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery / Análisis de los factores de infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica mayor

Resumo Enquadramento: A infeção do local cirúrgico afeta um terço dos doentes cirúrgicos e a incidência varia consoante múltiplos fatores. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à infeção do local cirúrgico na cirurgia ortopédica major. Metodologia: Estudo transversal analítico, realizado em 589 doentes submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica major entre 2020 e 2021. Recolheu-se informação constante do Sclínico, através de grelha de registo, sobre o doente, cirurgia e cumprimento de bundles. Aprovação da Comissão de Ética (N.º 46/2022). Resultados: A frequência de infeção foi (3,9%), maioritariamente do sexo masculino (56,5%), entre os 57 e 78 anos (60,9%,) índice de massa corporal elevado (91,3%), hipertensão arterial (73,9%), tabagismo (14,09%), insuficiência cardíaca (9,3%) e tremor (33,3%). Verifica-se associação, estatisticamente significativa, entre infeção do local cirúrgico e tabagismo, insuficiência cardíaca, tremor, duração da cirurgia, tempo pós-operatório e tipo de cirurgia. Conclusão: A frequência de infeção foi significativa para os fumadores com insuficiência cardíaca, tremor, maiores tempos cirúrgicos e de internamento. Sugere-se a redução tabágica, controlo da insuficiência cardíaca e diminuição dos tempos cirúrgicos e de internamento.

Abstract Background: Surgical site infection affects one-third of surgical patients. Its incidence varies according to multiple factors. Objective: To analyze risk factors for surgical site infection in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study with 589 patients who underwent major orthopedic surgery between 2020 and 2021. Information on the patient, the surgery, and the compliance with bundles was collected from the Sclínico platform using a registration grid. Favorable opinion of the Ethics Committee (No. 46/2022). Results: Twenty-three participants (3.9%) developed surgical site infections. They were mostly men (56.5%), aged 57 to 78 years (60.9%,) with a high body mass index (91.3%), hypertension (73.9%), smoking habits (14.09%), heart failure (9.3%), and tremor (33.3%). A statistically significant association was found between surgical site infection and smoking, heart failure, tremor, duration of surgery, postoperative time, and type of surgery. Conclusion: The frequency of infection was significant in patients with smoking habits, heart failure, tremor, and longer surgical and hospitalization times. We recommend reducing smoking, controlling heart failure, and decreasing surgical and hospitalization times.

Resumen Marco contextual: La infección del sitio quirúrgico afecta a un tercio de los pacientes quirúrgicos y su incidencia varía en función de múltiples factores. Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la infección del sitio quirúrgico en una cirugía ortopédica mayor. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 589 pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica mayor entre 2020 y 2021. La información sobre el paciente, la cirugía y el cumplimiento de los paquetes de medidas se recogió del Sclínico mediante una plantilla de registro. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética (N.º 46/2022). Resultados: La frecuencia de infección fue del 3,9%, mayoritariamente masculina (56,5%), entre 57 y 78 años (60,9%,) con índice de masa corporal elevado (91,3%), hipertensión (73,9%), tabaquismo (14,09%), insuficiencia cardiaca (9,3%) y temblor (33,3%). Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la infección del sitio quirúrgico y el tabaquismo, la insuficiencia cardíaca, el temblor, la duración de la intervención, el tiempo posoperatorio y el tipo de cirugía. Conclusión: La frecuencia de infección fue significativa en los fumadores con insuficiencia cardiaca, temblor y tiempos quirúrgicos y de hospitalización más largos. Se propone la reducción del tabaquismo, el control de la insuficiencia cardiaca y la reducción de los tiempos quirúrgicos y de hospitalización.

Análise das complicações locais associadas ao cateterismo venoso periférico no doente crítico / Analysis of local complications associated with peripheral venous catheterization in critically ill patients / Análisis de las complicaciones locales asociadas al cateterismo venoso periférico en el paciente crítico

Resumo Enquadramento: A escassez de estudos sobre complicações locais associadas ao cateterismo venoso periférico em doente crítico em Portugal compromete a implementação de medidas preventivas adequadas. Objetivo: Analisar as complicações locais associadas ao cateterismo venoso periférico no doente crítico num Serviço de Medicina Intensiva em Portugal. Metodologia: Estudo transversal analítico prospetivo, realizado através da aplicação de uma grelha de registo elaborada pelo investigador a uma amostra de 48 doentes. Resultados: Amostra maioritariamente masculina (54,2%), com média de idade de 70,13 anos, com cateter venoso periférico de calibre 20G (58,5%), colocados no membro superior (58,5%) e com diagnóstico na admissão de doenças infeciosas e parasitárias (33,3%). As complicações locais associadas ao cateterismo venoso periférico foram de 11,6%, sendo 6,4% flebites, 2,3% infiltrações e 2,9% obstruções. Estas associaram-se ao tempo de permanência do cateter (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A frequência de complicações foi significativa e o tempo de permanência do cateter influenciou a frequência de complicações. Recomendamos reduzir o tempo de permanência do cateter ou, quando possível, utilizar uma via alternativa.

Abstract Background: The scarcity of studies on local complications associated with peripheral venous catheterization in critically ill patients in Portugal compromises the implementation of adequate preventive measures. Objective: To analyze the local complications associated with peripheral venous catheterization in critically ill patients in an Intensive Care Unit in Portugal. Methodology: Prospective analytical cross-sectional study, carried out through the application of a registration grid developed by the researcher to a sample of 48 patients. Results: Mostly male sample (54.2%), with a mean age of 70.13 years, with a 20G peripheral venous catheter (58.5%), placed in the upper limb /58.5%) and diagnosed in the admission of infectious and parasitic diseases (33.3%). Local complications associated with peripheral venous catheterization were 11.6%, with 6.4% phlebitis, 2.3% infiltrations and 2.9% obstructions. These were associated with the catheter permanence time (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of complications was significant and the catheter length of stay influenced the frequency of complications. We suggest reducing catheter permanence time or using an alternative route whenever possible.

Resumen Marco contextual: La escasez de estudios sobre las complicaciones locales asociadas al cateterismo venoso periférico en pacientes críticos en Portugal compromete la aplicación de medidas preventivas adecuadas. Objetivo: Analizar las complicaciones locales asociadas al cateterismo venoso periférico en pacientes críticos de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Portugal. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico prospectivo, realizado mediante la aplicación de una tabla de registro elaborada por el investigador a una muestra de 48 pacientes. Resultados: La muestra fue mayoritariamente masculina (54,2%), con una edad media de 70,13 años, con catéter venoso periférico de calibre 20G (58,5%) colocado en el miembro superior (58,5%) y con diagnóstico de enfermedad infecciosa y parasitaria al ingreso (33,3%). Las complicaciones locales asociadas al cateterismo venoso periférico fueron del 11,6%, con un 6,4% de flebitis, un 2,3% de infiltración y un 2,9% de obstrucción. Estas se asociaron a la duración de la estancia del catéter (p < 0,05). Conclusión: La frecuencia de las complicaciones fue significativa y el tiempo de permanencia del catéter influyó en la frecuencia de las complicaciones. Se recomienda reducir el tiempo de permanencia del catéter o, si es posible, utilizar una vía alternativa.

Analisar o autocuidado com a fístula arteriovenosa / Analysis of self-care behaviors in patients with arteriovenous fistula / Análisis del autocuidado de una fístula arteriovenosa

Resumo Enquadramento: A hemodiálise constitui uma forma de tratamento da doença renal crónica, exigindo a construção de fístula arteriovenosa. Esta requer cuidados por parte do doente, devendo o enfermeiro capacitar para comportamentos de autocuidado. Objetivo: Analisar os comportamentos de autocuidado à fístula arteriovenosa da pessoa em programa de hemodiálise. Metodologia: Estudo transversal analítico, realizado em 131 doentes de três clínicas de hemodiálise do norte de Portugal. Para tal recorreu-se à Escala de Avaliação de Comportamentos de Autocuidado com a Fístula Arteriovenosa. Resultados: Os comportamentos de autocuidado à fistula arteriovenosa obtiveram uma média de 74,5 pontos, a gestão de sinais e sintomas 85,27 e a prevenção de complicações 68,26 num máximo de 100 pontos. O grau académico e o agente de ensinamento associaram-se com os comportamentos de autocuidado. A idade e grau académico relacionaram-se com a prevenção de complicações. Conclusão: O autocuidado à fistula arteriovenosa ficou abaixo do pretendido. Sugerimos sessões de educação para o autocuidado em função da idade e das habilitações literárias por uma equipa multidisciplinar.

Abstract Background: Hemodialysis is a form of treatment for chronic kidney disease that requires arteriovenous fistula creation. Given that patients are required to care for their arteriovenous fistulae, nurses should teach them these self-care behaviors. Objective: To analyze the self-care behaviors of patients with arteriovenous fistula undergoing hemodialysis. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study with 131 patients from three hemodialysis clinics in the north of Portugal using of Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Scale. Results: Arteriovenous fistula-related self-care behaviors scored an average of 74.5 points, the Management of signs and symptoms subscale scored 85.27 points, and the Prevention of complications 68.26 points out of a maximum of 100 points. Education level and teaching agent were associated with self-care behaviors. Age and education level were related to the prevention of complications. Conclusion: The self-care behaviors of patients with arteriovenous fistula were below expected levels. We suggest that a multidisciplinary team should provide self-care training to these patients adjusted to their age and education level.

Resumen Marco contextual: La hemodiálisis es una forma de tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica que requiere la realización de una fístula arteriovenosa. Esto implica cuidados por parte del paciente, y los enfermeros deben formarlos en conductas de autocuidado. Objetivo: Analizar las conductas de autocuidado de las personas sometidas a hemodiálisis por fístulas arteriovenosas. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico de 131 pacientes de tres clínicas de hemodiálisis del norte de Portugal. Para ello, se utilizó la Escala de Evaluación de Conductas de Autocuidado con Fístula Arteriovenosa. Resultados: Las conductas de autocuidado de la fístula arteriovenosa obtuvieron una media de 74,5 puntos, la gestión de signos y síntomas 85,27 y la prevención de complicaciones 68,26 sobre un máximo de 100 puntos. El nivel académico y el agente docente se asociaron a las conductas de autocuidado. La edad y el nivel académico se asociaron a la prevención de complicaciones. Conclusión: El autocuidado de la fístula arteriovenosa estuvo por debajo del objetivo. Proponemos sesiones de educación para el autocuidado según la edad y el nivel educativo a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinar.

Exploring the Drug-Loading and Release Ability of FucoPol Hydrogel Membranes.

The polysaccharide FucoPol has recently been shown to yield hydrogel membranes (HMs) characterized by good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory activity that render them promising biomaterials for use in the biomedical field. Subsequently to such findings, envisaging their development into novel delivery systems for topical applications, in this study, FucoPol HMs prepared by crosslinking the biopolymer with iron cations were loaded with caffeine or diclofenac sodium as model drugs. Two loading methods, namely diffusion and mixing, were applied to evaluate the FucoPol's HM drug-loading capacity and entrapment efficiency. The diffusion method led to a higher caffeine loading (101.9 ± 19.1 mg/g) in the HM1_DCAF membranes, while the mixing method resulted in a higher diclofenac sodium loading (82.3 ± 5.1 mg/g) in the HM1_DDS membranes. The HM1_DCAF membranes were characterized by increased mechanical and rheological parameters, such as their hardness (130.0 ± 5.3 kPa) and storage modulus (1014.9 ± 109.7 Pa), compared to the HM1_DDS membranes that exhibited lower values (7.3 ± 1.2 kPa and 19.8 ± 3.8 Pa, respectively), probably due to leaching occurring during the drug-loading process. The release profiles revealed a fast release of both APIs from the membranes loaded by diffusion, while a prolonged and sustained release was obtained from the membranes loaded by mixing. Moreover, for all API-loaded membranes, the release mechanism followed Fickian diffusion, with the release rate being essentially governed by the diffusion process. These findings, together with their previously shown biological properties, support the suitability of the developed FucoPol HMs to be used as platforms for the topical delivery of drugs.

Novel Hydrogel Membranes Based on the Bacterial Polysaccharide FucoPol: Design, Characterization and Biological Properties.

FucoPol, a fucose-rich polyanionic polysaccharide, was used for the first time for the preparation of hydrogel membranes (HMs) using Fe3+ as a crosslinking agent. This study evaluated the impact of Fe3+ and FucoPol concentrations on the HMs' strength. The results show that, above 1.5 g/L, Fe3+ concentration had a limited influence on the HMs' strength, and varying the FucoPol concentration had a more significant effect. Three different FucoPol concentrations (1.0, 1.75 and 2.5 wt.%) were combined with Fe3+ (1.5 g/L), resulting in HMs with a water content above 97 wt.% and an Fe3+ content up to 0.16 wt.%. HMs with lower FucoPol content exhibited a denser porous microstructure as the polymer concentration increased. Moreover, the low polymer content HM presented the highest swelling ratio (22.3 ± 1.8 g/g) and a lower hardness value (32.4 ± 5.8 kPa). However, improved mechanical properties (221.9 ± 10.2 kPa) along with a decrease in the swelling ratio (11.9 ± 1.6 g/g) were obtained for HMs with a higher polymer content. Furthermore, all HMs were non-cytotoxic and revealed anti-inflammatory activity. The incorporation of FucoPol as a structuring agent and bioactive ingredient in the development of HMs opens up new possibilities for its use in tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound care management.

Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of New 8-Hydroxyquinoline Schiff Bases: Investigating Their Structure, Solution Speciation, and Anticancer Potential.

We report the synthesis and characterization of three novel Schiff bases (L1-L3) derived from the condensation of 2-carbaldehyde-8-hydroxyquinoline with amines containing morpholine or piperidine moieties. These were reacted with CuCl2 and ZnCl2 yielding six new coordination compounds, with the general formula ML2, where M = Cu(II) or Zn(II) and L = L1-L3, which were all characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)), and mass spectrometric techniques, as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, two Cu(II) complexes, with L1 and L2, are obtained as dinuclear compounds, with relatively short Cu-Cu distances (3.146 and 3.171 Å for Cu2(L1)4 and Cu2(L2)4, respectively). The free ligands show moderate lipophilicity, while their complexes are more lipophilic. The pKa values of L1-L3 and formation constants of the complex (for ML and ML2) species were determined by spectrophotometric titrations, with the Cu(II) complexes showing higher stability than the Zn(II) complexes. EPR indicated the presence of several species in solution as pH varied and binding modes were proposed. The binding of the complexes to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated by fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. All complexes bind BSA, and as demonstrated by CD, the process takes several hours to reach equilibrium. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in malignant melanoma cells (A375) and in noncancerous keratinocytes (HaCaT). All complexes display significant cytotoxicity (IC50 < 10 µM) but modest selectivity. The complexes show higher activity than the free ligands, the Cu(II) complexes being more active than the Zn(II) complexes, and approximately twice more cytotoxic than cisplatin. A Guava ViaCount assay corroborated the antiproliferative activity.

Índice de qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem aos utentes com cateter venoso central em hemodiálise / Quality index of nursing care provided to patients with central venous catheters undergoing hemodialysis / Índice de calidad de los cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes con catéter venoso central en hemodiálisis

Resumo Enquadramento: A infeção é a segunda causa de mortalidade nos insuficientes renais e o desenvolvimento de infeções está, muitas vezes, associado ao acesso vascular. Objetivos: Analisar o índice de qualidade (IQ) dos cuidados de enfermagem realizados à pessoa em hemodiálise, na manutenção e manipulação do cateter venoso central (CVC), e os fatores associados. Metodologia: Estudo transversal analítico realizado em unidades de hemodiálise do norte de Portugal, entre junho e setembro de 2019. Participaram no estudo 50 enfermeiros aos quais foi realizada uma observação direta e aplicado um questionário para caracterização socioprofissional. Os dados foram inseridos e analisados no programa informático IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 21.0. Resultados: A média do IQ nos procedimentos realizados ao CVC foi de 80%. A utilização da clorohexidina para antissepsia da pele foi o procedimento que registou menor cumprimento. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam oportunidade de melhoria do IQ nos procedimentos realizados ao CVC em hemodiálise, apontando-se a formação dos profissionais como indicador preditivo de melhores práticas.

Abstract Background: Infection is the second cause of mortality among patients with renal failure. The development of infections is often associated with the contamination of vascular access. Objectives: To analyze the Quality Index (QI) of nursing procedures related to central venous catheter (CVC) handling and maintenance in patients undergoing hemodialysis and the associated factors. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted with a sample of 50 nurses in hemodialysis units in northern Portugal between June and September 2019. Nurses were directly observed and completed a questionnaire for socio-professional characterization. Data were entered into and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0. Results: The mean QI for CVC-related procedures was 80%. The use of chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis had the lowest compliance rate. Conclusion: There is an opportunity to improve the QI of CVC-related procedures for hemodialysis. Professional training was considered a predictor of best practices.

Resumen Marco contextual: La infección es la segunda causa de mortalidad en la insuficiencia renal y el desarrollo de infecciones suele estar asociado, muchas veces, al acceso vascular. Objetivos: Analizar el índice de calidad (IC) de los cuidados de enfermería prestados a las personas sometidas a hemodiálisis, en el mantenimiento y la manipulación del catéter venoso central (CVC), y los factores asociados. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en unidades de hemodiálisis del norte de Portugal, entre el junio y septiembre 2019. En el estudio participaron 50 enfermeros, que fueron observados directamente y recibieron un cuestionario de caracterización socioprofesional. Los datos se introdujeron y analizaron en el programa informático IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 21.0. Resultados: La media del IC en los procedimientos realizados al CVC fue del 80%. El uso de clorhexidina como medida antiséptica de la piel fue el procedimiento con menor cumplimiento. Conclusión: Los resultados indican una oportunidad para mejorar el IC en los procedimientos realizados al CVC en hemodiálisis y apuntan a la formación de los profesionales como indicador predictivo de mejores prácticas.

Intermittent versus Continuous Catheterization and Differences in the Evolution of Labor: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences between bladder emptying options (permanent catheterization and intermittent bladder emptying/spontaneous urination) regarding the effects on labor length, need of operative vaginal deliveries, and cesarean section rate. DATA SOURCES: The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. SELECTION OF STUDIES: The survey returned 964 studies. A total of 719 studies were evaluated by title and abstract, of which 4 were selected for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION: All references were inserted in the Rayyan QCRI tool (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA). The full text of the selected articles was obtained so we could later decide whether or not to include them in this systematic review. DATA SYNTHESIS: No differences were found in the number of instrumented deliveries or in cesarean section rate between groups. CONCLUSIONS: After evaluating the studies performed on the topic, we concluded that there is no clear advantage to either method, although continuous catheterization was associated with a greater occurrence of eutocic births. In the remaining outcomes, there were no differences between catheterization types.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferenças entre as opções de esvaziamento vesical (cateterismo permanente e esvaziamento vesical intermitente/micção espontânea) em relação aos efeitos na duração do trabalho de parto, necessidade de partos vaginais operatórios e taxa de cesárea. FONTES DE DADOS: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, e The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. SELEçãO DE ESTUDOS: A pesquisa retornou 964 estudos. Um total de 719 estudos foram avaliados por título e resumo, dos quais 4 foram selecionados para inclusão. COLETA DE DADOS: Todas as referências foram inseridas na ferramenta Rayyan QCRI (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, EUA). O texto completo dos artigos selecionados foi obtido para posterior decisão de incluí-los nesta revisão sistemática. SíNTESE DOS DADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças no número de partos instrumentados ou na taxa de cesariana entre os grupos. CONCLUSõES: Após avaliação dos estudos realizados sobre o tema, concluímos que não há vantagem clara de qualquer um dos métodos, embora o cateterismo contínuo tenha sido associado à maior ocorrência de partos eutócicos. Nos demais desfechos, não houve diferenças entre os tipos de cateterismo.

Ovarian vein thrombosis: a rare but not to be forgotten cause of abdominal pain.

A healthy 38-year-old woman, with no significant medical or surgical history, was referred to the gynaecology emergency department with acute low quadrant abdominal pain and nausea. On examination, painful palpation of right iliac fossa, abdominal guarding and positive Blumberg's sign were noted. An abdominal-pelvic CT scan showed a hypodense tubular structure with peripheral enhancement to the right of the inferior vena cava, suggestive of thrombosis of the right ovarian vein. The only risk factor identified was the use of the combined contraceptive pill.

Intermittent versus Continuous Catheterization and Differences in the Evolution of Labor: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / Cateterismo intermitente versus contínuo e diferenças na evolução do trabalho de parto: Revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract Objective To evaluate the differences between bladder emptying options (permanent catheterization and intermittent bladder emptying/spontaneous urination) regarding the effects on labor length, need of operative vaginal deliveries, and cesarean section rate. Data Sources The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Selection of Studies The survey returned 964 studies. A total of 719 studies were evaluated by title and abstract, of which 4 were selected for inclusion. Data Collection All references were inserted in the Rayyan QCRI tool (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA). The full text of the selected articles was obtained so we could later decide whether or not to include them in this systematic review. Data Synthesis No differences were found in the number of instrumented deliveries or in cesarean section rate between groups. Conclusions After evaluating the studies performed on the topic, we concluded that there is no clear advantage to either method, although continuous catheterization was associated with a greater occurrence of eutocic births. In the remaining outcomes, there were no differences between catheterization types.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as diferenças entre as opções de esvaziamento vesical (cateterismo permanente e esvaziamento vesical intermitente/micção espontânea) em relação aos efeitos na duração do trabalho de parto, necessidade de partos vaginais operatórios e taxa de cesárea. Fontes de Dados A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, e The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Seleção de Estudos A pesquisa retornou 964 estudos. Um total de 719 estudos foram avaliados por título e resumo, dos quais 4 foram selecionados para inclusão. Coleta de Dados Todas as referências foram inseridas na ferramenta Rayyan QCRI (Rayyan Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA, EUA). O texto completo dos artigos selecionados foi obtido para posterior decisão de incluí-los nesta revisão sistemática. Síntese dos Dados Não foram encontradas diferenças no número de partos instrumentados ou na taxa de cesariana entre os grupos. Conclusões Após avaliação dos estudos realizados sobre o tema, concluímos que não hávantagem clara de qualquer um dos métodos, embora o cateterismo contínuo tenha sido associado à maior ocorrência de partos eutócicos. Nos demais desfechos, não houve diferenças entre os tipos de cateterismo.

Índice de qualidade na manutenção do cateter venoso central num serviço de medicina intensiva / Quality index in central venous catheters maintenance in an intensive care unit / Índice de calidad en el mantenimiento del catéter venoso central en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

Resumo Enquadramento: As infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde são consideradas como uma das principais ameaças à segurança do doente e à qualidade dos cuidados. O uso do cateter venoso central (CVC) com fins diagnósticos e terapêuticos é cada vez mais frequente, mas, simultaneamente são responsáveis por cerca de 90% das bacteriemias a nível hospitalar. Objetivos: Analisar o Índice de Qualidade de Manutenção (IQM) do CVC num serviço de medicina intensiva (SMI) de um centro hospitalar do norte de Portugal. Metodologia: Estudo transversal e analítico. A amostra foi de 35 enfermeiros e 170 observações de manutenção ao CVC, através da grelha de observação adaptada da Direção-Geral da Saúde para determinar o IQM. Resultados: Foi obtido um IQM do CVC de 89,2%. O sexo feminino e ser especialista influenciaram o IQM do CVC (p < 0,05). Conclusão: IQM do CVC dentro dos valores recomendados. A formação e a investigação em contexto de trabalho são fundamentais para a melhoria na prestação de cuidados de enfermagem.

Abstract Background: Healthcare-associated infections are one of the main threats to patient safety and quality of care. Although central venous catheters (CVCs) are increasingly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, they are responsible for about 90% of bacteremia in hospitals. Objectives: To analyze the CVC Maintenance Quality Index (MQI) in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital center in northern Portugal. Methodology: Cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample consisted of 35 nurses and 170 CVC maintenance observations using the observation grid adapted from the Directorate-General for Health to determine the MQI. Results: A CVC MQI of 89.2% was obtained. The female gender and being a specialist influenced the CVC MQI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The CVC MQI was within the recommended values. In-service training and research are essential to improve nursing care.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria se consideran una de las principales amenazas para la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención. El uso del catéter venoso central (CVC) con fines diagnósticos y terapéuticos es cada vez más frecuente, pero, a la vez, es responsable de cerca del 90% de las bacteriemias a nivel hospitalario. Objetivos: Analizar el Índice de Calidad de Mantenimiento (ICM) del CVC en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de un centro hospitalario del norte de Portugal. Metodología: Estudio transversal y analítico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 35 enfermeros y 170 observaciones de mantenimiento del CVC, para lo cual se utilizó la parrilla de observación adaptada de la Dirección General de Salud para determinar el ICM. Resultados: Se obtuvo un ICM del CVC de 89,2%. El sexo femenino y ser especialista influyeron en el ICM del CVC (p < 0,05). Conclusión: ICM del CVC dentro de los valores recomendados. La formación y la investigación en el lugar de trabajo son fundamentales para mejorar la prestación de los cuidados de enfermería.

Prática clínica dos enfermeiros na prevenção da infeção associada ao cateter venoso central / Nurses' clinical practice for the prevention of central venous catheter-related infections / Práctica clínica de los enfermeros en la prevención de la infección asociada al catéter venoso central

Resumo Enquadramento: O presente estudo analisa uma problemática identificada na prática profissional diária de enfermagem, sendo definido o tema "Prática clínica dos enfermeiros na prevenção da infeção associada ao cateter venoso central (CVC)". Objetivos: Conhecer a prática clínica e o nível de conhecimentos dos enfermeiros sobre a manutenção do CVC. Metodologia: Estudo analítico e transversal, com uma metodologia quantitativa, utilizando um instrumento de recolha de dados aplicado em dezembro de 2018, através da técnica de amostragem por bola de neve, a 272 enfermeiros selecionados aleatoriamente. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos indicam altos níveis de prática clínica (90,1%) e de conhecimentos (85,7%) na realização do penso e na manutenção do CVC e que existe relação estatisticamente significativa entre a prática clínica e o nível de conhecimentos dos enfermeiros. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a amostra apresenta um nível alto de conhecimentos acerca das normas de manutenção do CVC da prevenção da infeção e uma prática clínica que respeita, na sua maioria, as orientações dos feixes de intervenção acerca das práticas de prevenção da infeção do CVC.

Abstract Background: This study analyzes an issue that has already been identified in daily nursing practice, having defined the theme "Nurses' clinical practice for the prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections". Objectives: To identify nurses' clinical practice and level of knowledge about CVC maintenance. Methodology: Analytical and cross-sectional study, with a quantitative methodology. A data collection instrument was applied in December 2018, through the snowball sampling technique, to 272 randomly selected nurses. Results: The results indicated high levels of clinical practice (90.1%) and knowledge (85.7%) about CVC dressing change and CVC maintenance. A statistically significant association was also found between nurses' clinical practices and level of knowledge. Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses have a high level of knowledge about CVC maintenance guidelines for infection prevention and that they follow the majority of the guidelines of the bundles for prevention of CVC-related infections.

Resumen Marco contextual: Este estudio analiza una problemática identificada en la práctica profesional diaria de la enfermería; el tema es Práctica clínica de los enfermeros en la prevención de la infección asociada al catéter venoso central (CVC). Objetivos: Conocer la práctica clínica y el nivel de conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre el mantenimiento del CVC. Metodología: Estudio analítico y transversal, con una metodología cuantitativa, mediante un instrumento de recogida de datos aplicado en diciembre de 2018, a través de la técnica de muestreo por bola de nieve, a 272 enfermeros seleccionados aleatoriamente. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos indican niveles elevados de práctica clínica (90,1%) y de conocimiento (85,7%) del vendaje y del mantenimiento del CVC, y que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la práctica clínica y el nivel de conocimiento de los enfermeros. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la muestra presenta un nivel alto de conocimiento sobre las normas de mantenimiento del CVC para la prevención de infecciones y una práctica clínica que respeta, en su mayoría, las directrices del paquete de intervención sobre las prácticas de prevención de infecciones del CVC.

Vulvar herpes zoster infection: a rare and challenging diagnosis.

A 26-year-old woman under immunosuppression with infliximab due to Crohn's disease was referred to the gynaecology emergency room with dispersed and coalescing vesicular lesions on the vulvar region extending to the right lower limb involving S2-S3 dermatome, associated with severe pain. Clinical history, physical examination and serological testing was consistent with herpes zoster infection. The patient was treated with valaciclovir for 14 days and cefradine for 7 days (due to the possibility of secondary bacterial infection). Significant symptomatic improvement was noted after 1 week. The 1-year follow-up was unremarkable. According to our knowledge and review of the literature, this is one of the few cases reported of vulvar herpes zoster, especially related to infliximab.

Nursing workload assessment in an intensive care unit: A 5-year retrospective analysis.

AIMS: To study the correlation between the workload of intensive care nursing teams and the sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients in critical condition in a Portuguese Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during a 5-year period. BACKGROUND: Currently, indices of nursing workload quantification are one of the resources used for planning and evaluating ICUs. Evidence shows that there are several factors related to critical patients and their hospitalisation which potentially influence the nursing workload. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis of a health record database from adult patients admitted to a Portuguese ICU between 1 January 2015-31 December 2019. METHODS: Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28) scores of 730 adult patients. Three TISS-28 assessments were considered: first assessment, last assessment and average. The STROBE guidelines were used in reporting this study. RESULTS: The TISS-28 has an average of 34.2 ± 6.9 points at admission, which is considered a high nursing workload. A somewhat lower result was found for the discharge and average assessments. It shows that basic activities accounted for the highest percentage of time spent (38.0%), followed by the cardiovascular support category (26.5%). The TISS-28 shows consistent results throughout the study period, despite a small trend reduction in the last 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Lower workloads were found for age ≤44 years and with a shorter length of stay. Higher workload was more probable in patients classified in Cullen Class IV (OR = 2.5) and with a normal to higher weight percentile (OR = 1.9 and 1.5, respectively). RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Knowledge of the factors influencing the nursing workload facilitates the implementation of rules to improve performance in nursing interventions, based on the redefinition of care priorities, increased productivity, human resources management and reduction of additional costs to the organisation, related to possible adverse events, among others.

Resultados da implementação do protocolo da via verde do acidente vascular cerebral num hospital português / Results of the implementation of the code stroke protocol in a Portuguese hospital / Resultados de la implementación del protocolo código ictus en un hospital portugués

Enquadramento: No acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), as terapêuticas recentes são tempo-dependentes e requerem a implementação de protocolos de atendimento. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados da implementação de um protocolo de Via Verde (VV) do AVC. Metodologia: Análise quantitativa e retrospetiva de todos os casos com doença cerebrovascular admitidos num serviço de urgência de um hospital português, desde 2010 a 2016 (n = 1200). Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos, tempos assistenciais, comorbilidades e outras variáveis clínicas. Através dos registos eletrónicos, estudaram-se todas as ativações do protocolo. Resultados: Os doentes apresentavam: 63,0% AVC isquémico, 17,2% AVC hemorrágico e 19,8% acidente isquémico transitório. A VV cobriu 37,3% (n = 282) dos casos de AVC isquémico, realizando fibrinólise 18,4% (n = 52) desses doentes. O tempo médio porta-agulha foi de 69,5 minutos. Nos doentes fibrinolisados registaram-se melhorias neurológicas significativas (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Obteve-se uma taxa elevada de ativação da VV, mas apenas 52 doentes realizaram fibrinólise. A idade, a comorbilidade, e a elevada procedência rural dos pacientes poderão ter influenciado a janela terapêutica e os critérios de inclusão/exclusão para fibrinólise.

Background: The latest therapies for stroke are time-sensitive and require the implementation of care protocols. Objective: To analyze the results of the implementation of a code stroke protocol. Methodology: Quantitative and retrospective analysis of all cases with cerebrovascular disease admitted in the emergency room of a Portuguese hospital, from 2010 to 2016 (n = 1200). Demographic data, times for stroke care, comorbidities, and other clinical variables were collected. All activations of the protocol were studied using electronic records. Results: The patients showed 63.0% ischemic stroke, 17.2% of hemorrhagic stroke, and 19.8% of transient ischemic attacks. The code stroke protocol covered 37.3% (n = 282) of the ischemic stroke cases, performing fibrinolysis in 18.4% (n = 52) of these patients. The mean door-to-needle time was 69.5 minutes. In patients who underwent fibrinolysis, neurological improvements were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high rate of activation of the code stroke protocol, but only 52 patients underwent fibrinolysis. Age, comorbidities, and high rate of rural origin of patients may have influenced the therapeutic window and the inclusion/exclusion criteria for fibrinolysis.

Marco contextual: En el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), las terapias recientes dependen del tiempo y requieren la implementación de protocolos de atención. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de la implementación de un protocolo código ictus de ACV. Metodología: Análisis cuantitativo y retrospectivo de todos los casos de enfermedad cerebrovascular ingresados en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital portugués entre 2010 y 2016 (n = 1200). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, tiempos de atención, comorbilidades y otras variables clínicas. Todas las activaciones del protocolo se estudiaron a través de registros electrónicos. Resultados: El 63,0% de los pacientes presentó ACV isquémico, el 17,2% ACV hemorrágico y el 19,8% accidente isquémico transitorio. El protocolo código ictus cubrió el 37,3% (n = 282) de los casos de ACV isquémico, y se realizó fibrinólisis en el 18,4% (n = 52) de estos pacientes. El tiempo medio de puerta-aguja fue de 69,5 minutos. Se registraron mejoras neurológicas significativas (p < 0,05) en pacientes en fibrinólisis. Conclusión: Se obtuvo una elevada tasa de activación del protocolo código ictus, pero solo 52 pacientes se sometieron a fibrinólisis. La edad, la comorbilidad y la elevada procedencia rural de los pacientes pueden haber influido en la ventana terapéutica y en los criterios de inclusión/exclusión para la fibrinólisis.