Burnout and Professional Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Nursing Students without Clinical Experience: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Burnout affects many healthcare professionals, especially nurses, causing serious health problems and disrupting the work environment. Academic burnout may also be experienced, leading students to feel unable to cope with their education. As a result, they may lose interest and even consider abandoning their studies. Hence, burnout syndrome can affect both the mental health and the professional future of those affected. To evaluate academic burnout in nursing students who had no clinical experience before starting their practical training, a cross-sectional study involving 212 third-year nursing students at the University of Granada was conducted. Data were collected using the Granada Burnout Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Fear of CoronaVirus-19 Scale. High levels of burnout were present in 37.8% of the students. Moreover, 21.5% and 8.7% had borderline cases of anxiety or depression, respectively. Another 30.8% and 9.2%, respectively, were considered likely to present these conditions. According to the predictive models of burnout dimensions obtained, neuroticism is a predictor of all three burnout dimensions. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, extraversion, responsibility and engagement are predictors of some dimensions of the syndrome. Many nursing students present high levels of burnout, which is related to certain personality variables and to the presence of anxiety and/or depression. The level of professional engagement is inversely associated with the impact of burnout. The participants in this study have normalised their return to the pre-pandemic study routine (in-person classes), and fear of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor of any dimension of burnout.

Evolution and Treatment of Academic Burnout in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review.

AIM: To analyse the scientific literature related to the evolution of burnout syndrome during nursing studies and the interventions for the treatment or prevention of this syndrome in nursing students. METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was performed in August 2022 using the search phrase "burnout AND nursing students" to extract experimental and longitudinal studies. RESULTS: Eleven relevant studies were obtained for analysis. Four were experimental, and seven were cohort studies. According to these studies, the interventions reduced burnout overall, but on occasion, the burnout scores for some aspects increased, as did the prevalence. Psychological and work environment-related variables were the most important factors predicting burnout. CONCLUSION: Burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation) tends to increase during nursing studies. Related factors include personality, coping strategies, life satisfaction, and the work environment. Interventions such as progressive muscle relaxation, behavioural therapy, and recreational music may alleviate burnout.

Nursing students' experience using an escape room for training clinical skills and competencies on emergency care: A qualitative observational study.

Game-based learning is increasing in nursing education. Also, the assessment of the utility of the escape room game is growing. To explore nursing students' opinion about the escape room as an evaluation game, a qualitative observational study with nursing students was carried out. An ad hoc questionnaire with open questions was sent after the game learning experience. The escape room included knowledge and techniques from different specialties. The escape room learning game was a positive experience for the students. The main highlighted characteristics were fun, dynamic, and motivating way to study and learn. Other interesting variables were: "Working as a team and under pressure" (It's a group activity in which everyone must work together. It is a good challenge to learn how to work in urgent situations) and "Different way to assess students´ learning" (In this type of game, I can show more things and not only theoretical knowledge). Game-based learning is increasing in nursing education, as well as the assessment of the utility of the escape room game. Using an escape room for assessing nursing students' knowledge is a positive experience. This learning experience can be also used with nurses in different specialties to promote teamwork and working under pressure.

Machine learning methods applied to triage in emergency services: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: In emergency services is important to accurately assess and classify symptoms, which may be improved with the help of technology. One mechanism that could help and improve predictions from health records or patient flow is machine learning (ML). AIM: To analyse the effectiveness of ML systems in triage for making predictions at the emergency department in comparison with other triage scales/scores. METHODS: Following the PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review was conducted using CINAHL, Cochrane, Cuiden, Medline and Scopus databases with the search equation "Machine learning AND triage AND emergency". RESULTS: Eleven studies were identified. The studies show that the use of ML methods consistently predict important outcomes like mortality, critical care outcomes and admission, and the need for hospitalization in comparison with scales like Emergency Severity Index or others. Among the ML models considered, XGBoost and Deep Neural Networks obtained the highest levels of prediction accuracy, while Logistic Regression performed obtained the worst values. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning methods can be a good instrument for helping triage process with the prediction of important emergency variables like mortality or the need for critical care or hospitalization.

Effects of Supervised Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes on Quality of Life among Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Traditionally, cardiac rehabilitation programmes are offered after cardiac events to aid recovery, improve quality of life, and reduce adverse events. The objective of this review was to assess the health-related quality of life, after a supervised cardiac rehabilitation programme, of patients who suffered a myocardial infarction. A systematic review was carried out in the CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, Medline, Scopus, and SciELO databases, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomised controlled trials were selected. Meta-analyses were performed for the Short Form Health Survey SF-36, Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS), MacNew Heart Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) questionnaire, and European Quality of Life-Visual Analogue Scale (EuroQol-VAS) with the software Cochrane RevMan Web. Ten articles were found covering a total of 3577 patients. In the meta-analysis, the effect size of the cardiac rehabilitation programme was statistically significant in the intervention group for physical activity, emotional reaction, and dependency dimensions of the MIDAS questionnaire. For the control group, the score improved for SF-36 physical functioning, and body pain dimensions. The mean difference between the control and intervention group was not significant for the remaining dimensions, and neither for the MacNew Heart Disease-HRQL and EuroQol-VAS questionnaires. Supervised cardiac rehabilitation programmes were effective in improving health-related quality of life, however, there was a potential variability in the interventions; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. This study supports the importance of providing care and evaluating interventions via the supervision of trained health professionals, and further randomised clinical trials are needed to analyse the positive changes in mental and physical health outcomes.

Effects of Neurofeedback in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Choosing the right treatment is critical to controlling and improving symptoms. An innovative ADHD treatment is neurofeedback (NF) that trains participants to self-regulate brain activity. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of NF interventions in children with ADHD. A systematic review was carried out in the CINAHL, Medline (PubMed), Proquest, and Scopus databases, following the PRISMA recommendations. Nine articles were found. The NF improved behavior, allowed greater control of impulsivity, and increased sustained attention. In addition, it improved motor control, bimanual coordination and was associated with a reduction in theta waves. NF combined with other interventions such as medication, physical activity, behavioral therapy training, or attention training with brain-computer interaction, reduced primary ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, more randomized controlled trials would be necessary to determine the significant effects.

Nursing-Intense Health Education Intervention for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a highly prevalent disease, the progression of which depends on high blood glucose levels, which are reflected in the level of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Appropriate health education equips patients with the knowledge and skills to control their glucose and HbA1c levels to avoid long-term complications. This study was set up to compare the results of an intensive (360 min) educational intervention to improve HbA1c parameters in patients with DM2 with those of a usual 90 min intervention. For this purpose, healthcare personnel led a quasi-experimental study of 249 diabetics: 171 in the control group, and 78 in the intervention group. In the control group, the mean HbA1c value decreased from 6.97 to 6.75, while in intervention group it fell from 8.97 to 8.06. The before and after mean difference between both groups was compared with a Wilcoxon test, and the results statistically significant (W = 4530; p < 0.001), indicating a higher reduction of HbA1c in the intervention group. We concluded that the intensive health education provided by nurses during the consultation helped improve HBA1c levels in persons with DM2.

Gamification for the Improvement of Diet, Nutritional Habits, and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Currently, one of the main public health problems among children and adolescents is poor adherence to healthy habits, leading to increasingly high rates of obesity and the comorbidities that accompany obesity. Early interventions are necessary, and among them, the use of gamification can be an effective method. The objective was to analyse the effect of game-based interventions (gamification) for improving nutritional habits, knowledge, and changes in body composition. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Scopus databases, following the PRISMA recommendations. There was no restriction by year of publication or language. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Twenty-three articles were found. After the intervention, the consumption of fruit and vegetables increased, as well as the knowledge on healthy food groups. The means difference showed a higher nutritional knowledge score in the intervention group 95% CI 0.88 (0.05-1.75). No significant effect of gamification was found for body mass index z-score. Gamification could be an effective method to improve nutritional knowledge about healthier nutritional habits. Promoting the development of effective educational tools to support learning related to nutrition is necessary in order to avoid and prevent chronic diseases.

Burnout Syndrome in Paediatric Nurses: A Multi-Centre Study.

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is an increasingly prevalent problem, characterised by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA), feelings that appear with prolonged exposure to stress-inducing situations. The syndrome alters physical well-being and endangers the quality of services provided. Among nurses working in the paediatric area, the association between burnout and the corresponding risk profile has received little research attention, despite the highly stressful nature of this work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was composed of 95 nurses working in four hospitals in the province of Granada. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the NEO Personality Inventory, and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression. RESULTS: According to the results obtained, 22.0% of the nurses working in the paediatric area present high levels of EE, 18.5% present high levels of D, and 39.6% had feelings of low PA. These burnout levels do not depend on sociodemographic or labour variables, but the three domains of the syndrome are related to the psychological factors analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Among the nurses who participated in this study, 38.6% presented high levels of burnout, especially regarding feelings of low personal accomplishment. Personality factors play an important role in the development of this syndrome. This study shows the impact of burnout in paediatric nurses as well as the risk factors, providing information for the development of strategies to prevent it.

Games and Health Education for Diabetes Control: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Finding methods to improve people's diabetes control and management is important to prevent its complications and maintain the quality of life. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of games on the blood glucose level (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)). A systematic review and meta-analysis were made. Pubmed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were consulted in July of 2020. Ten studies were selected as a final sample, most of them being clinical trials using games to improve diabetes control. Half of the studies had samples between 8 and 14.9 years old and the other half between 57 and 65 years old. The studies informed about using applications/games for mobile phones, game consoles, and board games for diabetes education and management. The meta-analysis was performed with 4 studies showing a mean difference of 0.12 (CI 95% 0.57, 0.33) of HbA1c in favor of the intervention group with p > 0.05. Games are positive for diabetes health education and promoting healthier lifestyle, but their impact on HbA1c is low.

Play Therapy as an Intervention in Hospitalized Children: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalization disrupts children's lives and can produce feelings such as anxiety, fear, or pain. Playing is an important part of children's lives. Thus, it is necessary to ensure holistic care during the process, including play therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of therapeutic play in hospitalized children. METHODS: A systematic review was performed. The search was conducted in CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CUIDEN, and PubMed (Medline). The search equation was "pediatric nurs* AND play therapy". The search was performed in March 2020. RESULTS: n = 14 studies were included in the review. The studies reveal that the application of therapeutic play in hospitalized children decreases postoperative pain, improves behavior and attitude, and reduces anxiety during the hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: play therapy has a beneficial impact on the care of hospitalized children and should be implemented in pediatric units after assessing the resources and training needed for pediatric nurses.

Smartphones and Apps to Control Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disease, the evolution of which is closely related to people´s self-control of glycemic levels through nutrition, exercise, and medicines. AIM: To determine whether smartphone apps can help persons with diabetes to improve their % levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis were done. ProQuest, Pubmed/Medline, and Scopus databases were used. The search equation used was "(Prevention and Control) AND Diabetes Mellitus AND Smartphones". The inclusion criteria applied were clinical trials, conducted in 2014-2019. RESULTS: n = 18 studies were included in the review. The studies tried different applications to monitor glycemia and support patients to improve glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. More than half of the studies found statistically significant differences in HbA1c in the intervention group compared with the control group. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis and the study sample was n = 545 for the experimental group and n = 454 for the control group. The meta-analytic estimation of the HbA1c % level means differences between intervention and control group was statistically significant in favour of the intervention group with a mean difference of -0.37 (-0.58, -0.15. 95% confidence interval). CONCLUSION: Smartphone apps can help people with diabetes to improve their level of HbA1c, but the clinical impact is low.

Diets low in carbohydrates for type 2 diabetics. Systematic review / Dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono para diabéticos de tipo 2. Revisión sistemática

Introduction: In general it has been recommended to people with diabetes to follow a low-carb diet. However, diets low in carbohydrates (DLCH) seem to be, at least, just as effective as low-fat, even providing better results in some cases in terms of glycemic control, decreased body weight and improves markers of cardiovascular risk. Objetives: To analyze the effect of the DLCH with respect to a low-fat diet (LFD) or other, as to baseline blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Methods: Literature Search of studies published in Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo and ProQuest. We extracted data on the composition of the diets evaluated, duration, and changes with respect to baseline blood glucose, HbA1c, body weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: We included 15 studies in the review found one of them significant differences between groups in levels of fasting glucose, in 6 in terms of HbA1c and 3 in terms of body weight. With regard to the levels of blood lipid, are not found in any study, significant differences between groups in regard to total cholesterol, while it is found in three studies with regard to the levels of triglycerides. Conclusions: This review shows that the DLCH can be effective in some aspects such as the reduction of HbA1c, body weight or triglyceride, although there is sufficient evidence to support its long term use over other diets, which requires more future research.

Introducción: usualmente se ha recomendado a personas diabéticas seguir una dieta baja en grasas. Sin embargo, las dietas bajas en carbohidratos (DBCH) parecen ser, al menos, igual de efectivas que las bajas en grasas, incluso aportan mejores resultados en algunos casos en cuanto a control glicémico, disminución de peso corporal y mejora de marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de las DBCH con respecto a dietas bajas en grasas (DBG) u otras, en cuanto a glucemia basal, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), peso corporal, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Métodos:búsqueda bibliográfica de estudios publicados en Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo y ProQuest. Se extrajeron datos sobre la composición de las dietas evaluadas, duración y cambios respecto a glucemia basal, HbA1c, peso corporal, colesterol y triglicéridos. Resultados: se incluyen 15 estudios en la revisión: en uno de ellos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en los niveles de glucemia basal, en 6 en cuanto a HbA1c y en 3 en cuanto a peso corporal. Con respecto a los niveles de lípidos sanguíneos, no se encuentran en ningún estudio diferencias significativas entre grupos en cuanto al colesterol total, mientras que sí se encuentran en 3 estudios respecto a los niveles de triglicéridos. Conclusiones: esta revisión muestra que las DBCH pueden ser efectivas en algunos aspectos como la reducción de HbA1c, de peso corporal o de triglicéridos, aunque no hay suficiente evidencia científica que respalde su uso a largo plazo por encima de otras dietas, por lo que se precisa de más investigaciones futuras.

Dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono para diabéticos de tipo 2. Revisión sistemática / Diets low in carbohydrates for type 2 diabetics. Systematic review

Introducción: usualmente se ha recomendado a personas diabéticas seguir una dieta baja en grasas. Sin embargo, las dietas bajas en carbohidratos (DBCH) parecen ser, al menos, igual de efectivas que las bajas en grasas, incluso aportan mejores resultados en algunos casos en cuanto a control glicémico, disminución de peso corporal y mejora de marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de las DBCH con respecto a dietas bajas en grasas (DBG) u otras, en cuanto a glucemia basal, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), peso corporal, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica de estudios publicados en Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo y ProQuest. Se extrajeron datos sobre la composición de las dietas evaluadas, duración y cambios respecto a glucemia basal, HbA1c, peso corporal, colesterol y triglicéridos. Resultados: se incluyen 15 estudios en la revisión: en uno de ellos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en los niveles de glucemia basal, en 6 en cuanto a HbA1c y en 3 en cuanto a peso corporal. Con respecto a los niveles de lípidos sanguíneos, no se encuentran en ningún estudio diferencias significativas entre grupos en cuanto al colesterol total, mientras que sí se encuentran en 3 estudios respecto a los niveles de triglicéridos. Conclusiones: esta revisión muestra que las DBCH pueden ser efectivas en algunos aspectos como la reducción de HbA1c, de peso corporal o de triglicéridos, aunque no hay suficiente evidencia científica que respalde su uso a largo plazo por encima de otras dietas, por lo que se precisa de más investigaciones futuras (AU)

Introduction: In general it has been recommended to people with diabetes to follow a low-carb diet. However, diets low in carbohydrates (DLCH) seem to be, at least, just as effective as low-fat, even providing better results in some cases in terms of glycemic control, decreased body weight and improves markers of cardiovascular risk. Objetives: To analyze the effect of the DLCH with respect to a low-fat diet (LFD) or other, as to baseline blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Methods: Literature Search of studies published in Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo and ProQuest. We extracted data on the composition of the diets evaluated, duration, and changes with respect to baseline blood glucose, HbA1c, body weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: We included 15 studies in the review found one of them significant differences between groups in levels of fasting glucose, in 6 in terms of HbA1c and 3 in terms of body weight. With regard to the levels of blood lipid, are not found in any study, significant differences between groups in regard to total cholesterol, while it is found in three studies with regard to the levels of triglycerides. Conclusions: This review shows that the DLCH can be effective in some aspects such as the reduction of HbA1c, body weight or triglyceride, although there is sufficient evidence to support its long term use over other diets, which requires more future research (AU)