FEATURES OF BREAST CANCER IN PATIENTS OF YOUNG AGE: SEARCH FOR DIAGNOSIS OPTIMIZATION AND PERSONALIZED TREATMENT.

The statistical data of the recent decades demonstrate a rapid growth of breast cancer (BCa) incidence and a tendency toward its increase especially in young women. In the structure of morbidity of women in the age group of 18-29 years, BCa ranks first and in the age range of 15-39 years, BCa is one of the leading causes of mortality. According to the data of the epidemiological and clinical studies, the young age is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor of BCa that is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and low survival rates and is considered an important predictor of the disease aggressiveness, a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. The variability of clinicopathological and molecular-biological features of BCa in patients of different age groups as well as the varying course of the disease and different responses to the therapy are mediated by many factors. The analysis of the literature data on the factors and mechanisms of BCa initiation in patients of different age groups demonstrates that the pathogen- esis of BCa depends not only on the molecular-genetic alterations but also on the metabolic disorders caused by the current social and household rhythm of life and nutrition peculiarities. All these factors affect both the general con- dition of the body and the formation of an aggressive microenvironment of the tumor lesion. The identified features of transcriptome and the differential gene expression give evidence of different regulations of the immune response and the metabolic processes in BCa patients of different age groups. Association between the high expression of the components of the stromal microenvironment and the inflammatory immune infiltrate as well as the increased vascu- larization of the tumor lesion has been found in BCa tissue of young patients. Proving the nature of the formation of the landscape comprising molecular-genetic, cytokine, and immune factors of the tumor microenvironment will undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of tumor growth allowing for the development of algorithms for delineating the groups at high risk of tumor progression, which requires more careful monitoring and personalized treatment approach. Th s will be helpful in the development of innovative technologies for complex BCa treatment.

PATTERN OF MMP2 AND MMP9 EXPRESSION DEPENDS ON BREAST CANCER PATIENTS' AGE.

BACKGROUND: Despite the large number of studies devoted to the study of the features of tumor microenvironment in breast cancer (BCa), presently there is no consensus on the features of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the tumor tissue of BCa patients depending on the age. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between MMP-2 and -9 expression at the protein and mRNA levels in BCa tissues and the clinical and pathological features of BCapatientsin different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression level of MMP-2 and -9in the BCa tissue of patients of two age groups (< 45 years and > 45 years) was studied using the bioinformatics method (UALCAN database), immunohistochemical method, and real-time PCR. RESULTS: It was established that a characteristic feature of BCa in young patients is the low level of MMP2 mRNA against the background of increased expression of this gelatinase at the protein level, as well as decreased expression of MMP9 at both the mRNA and protein levels. When analyzing the correlation of the gelatinase expression indices in BCa tissue of young patients, depending on the clinical and pathological features, a significantly lower level of MMP-2 expression was recorded in BCa cases of stage II compared to the indices of stage I cases. High expression of MMP-2 and -9 was recorded in BCa tissue in node-positive cases and the basal molecular BCa subtype. CONCLUSIONS: The identified relationship between the expression of the studied gelatinases and such indices of BCa malignancy as its stage, positive regional lymph node status, and the molecular BCa subtype in young patients indicates the need for further research of the features of the tumor microenvironment to predict the cancer aggressiveness.

[ORIGINAL PERFORMANCE OF THE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS NEUROPROTECTIVE LECHNIYA ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY DEPENDING ON BLOOD PRESSURE].

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is one of the main reasons of vision disorders among middle-aged and elderly people. During the examination of patients with AION, we were interested by the fact of low efficiency of the standard treatment course. Moreover, over 60% of such patients underwent the development of AION on the other eye during 1 year after the beginning of the disease. The purpose of the given study is the development of efficient and original neuroprotection treatment scheme for AION, depending on the arterial pressure rate. We examined 58 patients (65 eyes) with AION, depending on the arterial pressure rate. The patients were divided into two clinical groups. For the first group of 38 patients (38 eyes), we used the original AION treatment scheme developed by us. The group was divided into 3 subgroups, depending on their arterial pressure rate: patients with normal ap., patients with hypertension of I-II stages and patients with hypotension. For the control group, the standard treatment scheme was used. The results received allow us to make a conclusion that the original treatment scheme, developed by us, is more efficient, and it can be recommended as a neuroprotection treatment scheme for AION among the patients with arterial hypertension of I-II stages.