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1.
Rev Sci Instrum ; 83(4): 043501, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22559530

RESUMO

This article reports on the development and set-up of a Nomarski-type multi-frame interferometer as a time and space resolving diagnostics of the free electron density in laser-generated plasma. The interferometer allows the recording of a series of 4 images within 6 ns of a single laser-plasma interaction. For the setup presented here, the minimal accessible free electron density is 5 × 10(18) cm(-3), the maximal one is 2 × 10(20) cm(-3). Furthermore, it provides a resolution of the electron density in space of 50 µm and in time of 0.5 ns for one image with a customizable magnification in space for each of the 4 images. The electron density was evaluated from the interferograms using an Abel inversion algorithm. The functionality of the system was proven during first experiments and the experimental results are presented and discussed. A ray tracing procedure was realized to verify the interferometry pictures taken. In particular, the experimental results are compared to simulations and show excellent agreement, providing a conclusive picture of the evolution of the electron density distribution.

2.
Phys Rev Lett ; 109(23): 232503, 2012 Dec 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23368188

RESUMO

We investigate the possibility of the existence of the exotic torus configuration in the high-spin excited states of (40)Ca. We here consider the spin alignments about the symmetry axis. To this end, we use a three-dimensional cranked Skyrme Hartree-Fock method and search for stable single-particle configurations. We find one stable state with the torus configuration at the total angular momentum J=60 h and an excitation energy of about 170 MeV in all calculations using various Skyrme interactions. The total angular momentum J=60 h consists of aligned 12 nucleons with the orbital angular momenta Λ=+4, +5, and +6 for spin-up or -down neutrons and protons. The obtained results strongly suggest that a macroscopic amount of circulating current breaking the time-reversal symmetry emerges in the high-spin excited state of (40)Ca.

3.
Phys Rev Lett ; 107(11): 112501, 2011 Sep 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22026658

RESUMO

We investigate the linear chain configurations of four-α clusters in 16O using a Skyrme cranked Hartree-Fock method and discuss the relationship between the stability of such states and angular momentum. We show the existence of a region of angular momentum (13-18ℏ) where the linear chain configuration is stabilized. For the first time we demonstrate that stable exotic states with a large moment of inertia (ℏ2/2Θ∼0.06-0.08 MeV) can exist.

4.
Phys Rev Lett ; 104(21): 212503, 2010 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20867090

RESUMO

We present a microscopic dynamical study of the reactions involving three 4He clusters. We show that the much discussed triple-α linear chain configuration of 12C is formed with a certain lifetime and subsequently makes a transition to a triangular configuration of 12C and then to a configuration near the ground state. Time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory coupled with a density constraint is used to study the properties of these configurations.

5.
Phys Rev Lett ; 98(26): 262501, 2007 Jun 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17678083

RESUMO

We discuss how to obtain the nonrelativistic limit of a self-consistent relativistic effective field theory for dynamic problems. It is shown that the standard v/c expansion yields Galilean invariance only to first order in v/c, whereas second order is required to obtain important contributions such as the spin-orbit force. We propose a modified procedure which is a mapping rather than a strict v/c expansion.

6.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys ; 73(3 Pt 2): 036709, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16605700

RESUMO

Absorbing boundary conditions are often employed in time-dependent mean-field calculations to cope with the problem of emitted particles which would otherwise return back onto the system and falsify the dynamical evolution. We scrutinize two widely used methods, imaginary potentials and gradual attenuation by a mask function. To that end, we consider breathing oscillations of a nucleus computed on a radial one-dimensional grid in coordinate space. The most critical test case is the computation of resonance spectra in the (linear) domain of small amplitude motion. Absorbing bounds turn out to provide a reliable alternative to fully fledged continuum random phase approximation (RPA) calculations, although rather large absorbing bounds are required to simulate reliably well continuum conditions. We also investigate the computation of observables in the nonlinear domain. This regime turns out to be less demanding. Smaller absorbing margin suffice to achieve the wanted absorption effect.

7.
Phys Rev Lett ; 95(4): 042501, 2005 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16090802

RESUMO

The FRS-ESR facility at GSI provides unique conditions for precision measurements of large areas on the nuclear mass surface in a single experiment. Values for masses of 604 neutron-deficient nuclides (30 < or = Z < or = 92) were obtained with a typical uncertainty of 30 microu. The masses of 114 nuclides were determined for the first time. The odd-even staggering (OES) of nuclear masses was systematically investigated for isotopic chains between the proton shell closures at Z = 50 and Z = 82. The results were compared with predictions of modern nuclear models. The comparison revealed that the measured trend of OES is not reproduced by the theories fitted to masses only. The spectral pairing gaps extracted from models adjusted to both masses, and density related observables of nuclei agree better with the experimental data.

8.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys ; 64(6 Pt 2): 066305, 2001 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11736274

RESUMO

The long-range energy deposition by heavy-ion beams makes new shock wave experiments possible in the laboratory. We have investigated a situation that is of relevance to supernova dynamics in astrophysics, where a shock wave is irradiated by a flux of neutrinos depositing energy throughout the shock wave and surrounding matter, thus changing the behavior of the running shock. We have carried out fluid-dynamical simulations to study generic features of stimulated shock waves. First we consider an idealized case assuming uniform energy deposition into a planar shock wave propagating through an ideal gas. Then we investigate more realistic situations realizable in laboratory experiments with heavy-ion beams. We have found that energy deposition leads to two important effects: acceleration of the shock front and decay of the shock strength. The possibility of laboratory experiments is briefly discussed.

9.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys ; 63(1 Pt 2): 016402, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11304360

RESUMO

Employing a two-dimensional simulation model, this paper presents a suitable design for an experiment to study metallization of hydrogen in a heavy-ion beam imploded multilayered cylindrical target that contains a layer of frozen hydrogen. Such an experiment will be carried out at the upgraded heavy-ion synchrotron facility (SIS-18) at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt by the end of the year 2001. In these calculations we consider a uranium beam that will be available at the upgraded SIS-18. Our calculations show that it may be possible to achieve theoretically predicted physical conditions necessary to create metallic hydrogen in such experiments. These include a density of about 1 g/cm(3), a pressure of 3-5 Mbar, and a temperature of a few 0.1 eV.

10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11970337

RESUMO

It is expected that after the completion of a new high current injector, the heavy-ion synchrotron (SIS) at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionforschung (GSI) Darmstadt will accelerate U(+28) ions to energies of the order of 200 MeV/u. The use of a powerful rf buncher will reduce the pulse length to about 50 ns, and employment of a multiturn injection scheme will provide 2 x 10(11) particles in the beam that correspond to a total energy of the order of 1 kJ. This upgrade of the SIS, hopefully, will be completed by the end of the year 2001. These beam parameters lead to a specific power deposition of the order of 1-2 TW/g in solid matter that will provide temperatures of about 10 eV. Such low specific power deposition will induce hydrodynamic effects in solid materials, and one may design appropriate beam-target interaction experiments that could be used to investigate the equation of state of matter under extreme conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose suitable target designs with optimized parameters for the future GSI experiments with the help of one and two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. Cylindrical geometry is the natural geometry for highly focused ion beams, and therefore cylindrical targets are the most appropriate for this type of interaction experiments. The numerical simulations presented in this paper show that one can experimentally measure the characteristic sound speed in beam heated targets which is an important physical parameter. Moreover, one can study the propagation of ion-beam-induced shock waves in the solid materials. Different values for the specific power deposition, namely, 10, 25, 50, and 100 kJ/g, have been used. In some cases the pulse length is assumed to be 40 ns while in others it is considered to be 50 ns. Various materials including lead, aluminum, and solid neon have been used.

13.
Phys Rev Lett ; 65(16): 2007-2010, 1990 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10042423
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