[A realistic approach to the modelling of nonuniform whole-body radiation exposures in a radiobiology experiment]. / Realisticheskii podkhod k modelirovaniiu obshchikh neravnomernykh radiatsionnykh vozdeistvii v radiobiologicheskom éksperimente.

The equidosimetric principle for modelling of general nonuniform radiation effects has been formulated. The method for realistic modelling of the effects by dynamic control of radiation exposure of two basic critical systems (active bone marrow and intestine) has been developed.

[Dosimetric planning of partial radiation exposure in radiobiological experiments]. / Dozimetricheskoe planirovanie partsial'nykh radiatsionnykh vozdeistvii v radiobiologicheskikh éksperimentakh.

The authors describe a new method of dosimetric design of partial radiation exposures (PRE) in radiobiological experiments on rodents, using a universal lead component screen. A choice of a shape of irradiation fields and location of screen elements on the body of an animal is done according to a CT program, developed in the IBM PC version. This method helps to standardize physicotechnical support of PRE in radiobiological experiments.

[Phantom research in the individual dosimetric planning of the intracavity irradiation of uterine cancer patients]. / Fantomnye issledovaniia v individual'nom dozimetricheskom planirovanii vnutripolostnogo oblucheniia bol'nykh rakom matki.

The paper is concerned with the results of dose measurements on a uterine phantom under the conditions close to those of the practice of radiotherapy of endometrial cancer patients using the AGAT-B unit. Comparison of experimental and rated dose values made it possible to find points of particular clinical alertness as well as a point of the control of accuracy of dose formation during a radiotherapeutic session.

[Individualization of the dosimetric requirements of intracavitary irradiation in the radiotherapy of gynecologic patients]. / Individualizatsiia dozimetricheskogo obespecheniia vnutripolostnogo oblucheniia pri luchevoi terapii ginekologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The authors proposed a method of dosimetric planning in intracavitary irradiation taking into account the individual features of a patient, including the status of the uterus during the introduction of radiation sources into its cavity. To simulate the dynamics of a resultant uterus shift a special device was developed to obtain information required for individual planning. The proposed method is aimed at the prevention of undesirable radiation reactions and complications in healthy organs.

[Dosimetric basis for joining large fields of complex configuration during total irradiation of the lymphatic collecting vessels]. / Dozimetricheskoe obosnovanie stykovki krupnykh polei slozhnoi konfiguratsii pri total'nom obluchenii limfaticheskikh kollektorov.

The paper is concerned with the results of experimental dosimetric studies on an anthropomorphic phantom using thermoluminescent dosimetry at the site of the joining of large fields of complex shape simulating total irradiation of the lymphatic collectors. The studies demonstrated the appropriateness of the joining at a distance of 1 cm between the fields. In such a variant adequate irradiation of the lymphatic system was achieved whereas an increase in a distance between the fields resulted in a risk of recurrence in under-irradiated areas without a significant decrease in radiation dose exposure to healthy organs and tissues.

[Effect of x-ray spectrum transformation on bone marrow dose]. / Vliianie transformatsii spektra rentgenovskogo izlucheniia na kostnomozgovuiu dozu.

A study was made of change of the spectrum (spectral transformation) of x-ray radiation while passing through the soft tissue. Thirty-two depth spectra computed by the Monte-Carlo method and 16 experimentally measured spectra including 9 depth spectra taken from literature, were analysed. A method of the calculation of an absorbed dose in the red bone marrow with account of spectral transformation was described. It was shown that neglect of this factor caused regular underestimation of the assessment of medullary doses, patients were exposed to, during x-ray procedures. The error can reach 40% for doses at local points of the red bone marrow and 1-7% for mean medullary doses with regard to the type of x-ray procedure and regimen of its performance.

[Computational methods for determining the mean tissue doses during x-ray procedures]. / Vychislitel'nye metody opredeleniia srednetkanevykh doz pri rentgenologicheskikh protsedurakh.

The Soviet and Finnish authors presented a short description of two computer methods to determine doses in the patients' organs. Based on the general principles, such as a semiempirical mathematical description of dose fields and a realistic anthropomorphous phantom, these methods differed significantly in the algorithms used and ways of solving specific problems. The comparison of these methods and calculated dose values with the results of experimental measurements on the phantom showed a good convergence of the results. The divergence of calculated and experimental data by the values of the mean absorbed doses in the organs did not exceed +/- 35%. The advantages and prospects of the use of the computer methods for the evaluation of doses received by patients, were demonstrated.

[Basis for allowable errors in determining doses to patients during roentgenologic examinations]. / Obosnovanie dopustimoi pogreshnosti opredeleniia dozovykh nagruzok na patsientov pri rentgenologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.

Basing on the utilization of the benefit-injury concept the authors put forward an approach to the substantiation of permissible errors in the values of the mean doses intended for the patient's critical organs in x-ray examination. It was shown that in the elaboration of methods to determine the mean tissue doses one should aim at reaching a mean quadratic error of +/- 30% in their values.