Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 5 de 5
Filtrar
1.
Expert Rev Vaccines ; 20(3): 297-308, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33538617

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Asplenic or splenectomized patients have a higher risk (ranging from 10 to 50-fold) than the general population of developing an overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). Thus, they should receive specific vaccinations to prevent bacterial infections and influenza. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate vaccination coverage (VC) with the recommended vaccines among splenectomized patients; strategies recommended in those studies to improve VC worldwide are considered as well. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched. Research papers, short reports, reviews, and meta-analyses published between January 1, 2010 and July 18, 2020 were included; no geographic restrictions were included. Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: For anti-pneumococcal vaccination, coverage was 55.1% (95%CI = 41.0-69.2%), for anti-Hib 48.3% (95%CI = 34.3-52.3%), for anti-meningococcal C/ACYW135 33.7% (95%CI = 23.6-43.9%), for anti-meningococcal B 13.3% (95%CI = 7.0-19.5%) and for anti-influenza 53.2% (95%CI = 22.0-84.4%). Most studies determined a lack of adherence to international guidelines by healthcare workers and suggested the need to better educate health professionals in the management of post-splenectomy patients. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis showed the suboptimal immunization coverage for the vaccines recommended for asplenic patients. Greater efforts must be made by public health professionals to increase VC in this group of patients at risk. Introducing specific prophylaxis protocols in the clinical routine seems to guarantee better immunization compliance in those patients.


Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Esplenectomia , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Hesitação Vacinal/psicologia , Hesitação Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/psicologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle
2.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 17(7): 2078-2084, 2021 07 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33502929

RESUMO

The persistence of specific IgG after measles infection and after measles vaccination has not been sufficiently investigated. Current evidence suggests that immunity after the disease is life-long, whereas the response after two doses of measles-containing vaccine declines within 10-15 years. This study evaluated the proportion of individuals with detectable anti-measles IgG in two groups, those vaccinated with two doses of anti-MMR vaccine and those with a self-reported history of measles infection. Among the 611 students and residents who were tested, 94 (15%) had no detectable protective anti-measles IgG. This proportion was higher among vaccinated individuals (20%; GMT = 92.2) than among those with a self-reported history of measles (6%; GMT = 213.3; p < .0001). After one or two MMR vaccine booster doses, the overall seroconversion rate was 92%. An important proportion of people immunized for measles did not have a protective IgG titer in the years after vaccination, but among those who had a natural infection the rate was three-fold lower. This finding should be considered in the pre-elimination phase, given the resurgence of measles cases among individuals who after being vaccinated lost their circulating IgG after several years, especially if they failed to receive a natural booster.


Assuntos
Sarampo , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão) , Anticorpos Antivirais , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Sarampo , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Nurs Open ; 7(5): 1578-1587, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32802379

RESUMO

Aim: To develop an instrument to investigate knowledge and predictive factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students during clinical placements. Design: Instrument development and cross-sectional study for psychometric testing. Methods: A self-administered instrument including demographic data, injury epidemiology and predictive factors of NSIs was developed between October 2018-January 2019. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. The instrument's factor structure and discriminant validity were explored using principal components analysis. The STROBE guidelines were followed. Results: Evidence of content validity was found (S-CVI 0.75; I-CVI 0.50-1.00). A three-factor structure was shown by exploratory factor analysis. Of the 238 participants, 39% had been injured at least once, of which 67.3% in the second year. Higher perceptions of "personal exposure" (4.06, SD 3.78) were reported by third-year students. Higher scores for "perceived benefits" of preventive behaviours (13.6, SD 1.46) were reported by second-year students.


Assuntos
Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha/epidemiologia , Psicometria , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Expert Rev Vaccines ; 19(7): 611-620, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32608272

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The national and international guidelines recommend evaluating all healthcare workers (HCWs) for their measles immune status and possibly vaccinating those who are seronegative. AREAS COVERED: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to estimate the rate of measles susceptibility among HCWs in Italy and to explore possible options for the management of those found to be susceptible. Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of HCWs susceptible to measles was 11.5% (95%CI = 8.1-15.4%) and was higher in studies in which prevalence was evaluated by survey (16.7%; 95%CI = 8.9-26.3) than by the direct evaluation of blood specimens (9.1%; 95%CI = 6.2-12.5%). Occupational medicine examinations for measles screening with possible subsequent vaccination of seronegatives and the exclusion of susceptible HCWs from high-risk settings were common management strategies. EXPERT OPINION: HCWs susceptible to measles are an important epidemiological concern in Italy, and efforts to identify and actively offer the vaccine to this population should be increased.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Humanos , Itália , Sarampo/imunologia , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Medicina do Trabalho , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Prevalência , Vacinação
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31557819

RESUMO

Postoperative infections are a concern, especially in total knee and total hip arthroplasty. We evaluated the air quality in orthopaedic operating theatres in southeastern Italy to determine the level of bacterial contamination as a risk factor for postoperative infection. Thirty-five hospitals with operating theatres focused on total knee and total hip arthroplasty participated. We sampled the air passively and actively before surgeries began for the day (at rest) and 15 min after the surgical incision (in operation). We evaluated bacterial counts, particle size, mixed vs turbulent airflow systems, the number of doors, number of door openings during procedures and number of people in the operating theatre. We found no bacterial contamination at rest for all sampling methods, and significantly different contamination levels at rest vs in operation. We found no association between the number of people in the surgical team and bacteria counts for both mixed and turbulent airflow systems, and low bacterial loads, even when doors were always open. Overall, the air quality sampling method and type of ventilation system did not affect air quality.


Assuntos
Microbiologia do Ar , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Salas Cirúrgicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Ar Condicionado , Poluição do Ar/análise , Artroplastia de Quadril , Artroplastia do Joelho , Carga Bacteriana , Hospitais , Humanos , Itália , Ortopedia , Ventilação/métodos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...