Physicochemical characteristics and flavor profiles of fermented fish sauce (budu) during fermentation in commercial manufacturing plant.

This study was done by dynamically monitoring the changes in bacterial composition, physicochemical characteristics, and volatile substances during fermentation of fermented fish sauce (budu). The degree of hydrolysis, TCA-soluble peptides, and nitrogen contents increased as the fermentation time progressed. A continuous decrease in peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was noted over 60 days of fermentation. A total of 44 volatile compounds were detected, and increases in volatile compounds, such as 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde, and 2-ethyl furan, with low odor thresholds values, might contribute to budu's flavor of the final product. Additionally, the relationship between evolving microbiota and the formation of flavor compounds was analyzed, and halophilic lactic acid bacteria was identified to be the most important bacterial contributing to flavor and aroma development. This finding will provide important information for improving the quality of budu in terms of flavor characteristics.

Characteristics and properties of goat meat gels as affected by setting temperatures.

Effects of different setting temperatures (40-70 °C) on properties of goat meat gels after heating at 90 °C were investigated. Setting at 60 °C with subsequent heating at 90 °C yielded the gel with the highest breaking force along with coincidentally lowest expressible moisture content (p < 0.05). The highest TCA-soluble peptide content was found in gel set at 70 °C (p < 0.05). Slight decrease in myosin heavy chain band intensity was noticeable when setting temperature increased. As setting temperatures increased, a∗ and b∗-values of gels generally increased, while L∗-values decreased (p < 0.05). Gel set at 60 °C had highest hardness, gumminess and chewiness (p < 0.05). Gel set at 60 °C had the most compact network with immense connectivity of protein strands. Gels set at 40-60 °C had higher texture and overall likeness scores, compared to the control (p < 0.05). Prior setting at 60 °C was recommended for making the good quality goat meat gel.