RESUMO
Aunque en 2015 se realizaron en España 4.769 trasplantes y la tasa de donación alcanzó los 39,7 donantes por millón de población, miles de pacientes siguen a la espera de un trasplante. El perfil actual de los donantes en muerte encefálica (el 65% fallece por accidente vascular cerebral y su edad media es de 64 años) justifica las estrategias para su detección fuera de las unidades de cuidados intensivos y la creciente participación de los servicios de urgencias y emergencias en el proceso de donación. La Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) y la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) han redactado estas recomendaciones con el objetivo de definir la responsabilidad de los profesionales de urgencias y emergencias en el proceso de donación, establecer unas pautas de trabajo multidisciplinar que favorezcan la detección de posibles donantes y consolidar un nuevo concepto asistencial que permita el manejo óptimo del posible donante hasta su ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (AU)
Although 4769 transplants were performed in Spain in 2015 and the organ donor rate reached 39.7 per million population, thousands of patients remain on wait lists. Currently 65% of donors die from strokes and the mean donor age is 64 years. This profile calls for strategies to detect candidates outside the intensive care unit (ICU) and it justifies an ever stronger role for the participation of emergency services in the procurement process. Spain's National Transplant Organization (ONT) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) have drafted recommendations whose purposes are to define the responsibilities of emergency staff in this process, to establish protocols for multidisciplinary cooperation that facilitate the identification of candidate donors, and to consolidate a new approach to patient care that will facilitate optimal management of the donor prior to ICU admission (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/organização & administração , Transplante de Órgãos/tendências , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Protocolos Clínicos , Padrões de Prática MédicaRESUMO
EN: Although 4769 transplants were performed in Spain in 2015 and the organ donor rate reached 39.7 per million population, thousands of patients remain on wait lists. Currently 65% of donors die from strokes and the mean donor age is 64 years. This profile calls for strategies to detect candidates outside the intensive care unit (ICU) and it justifies an ever stronger role for the participation of emergency services in the procurement process. Spain's National Transplant Organization (ONT) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) have drafted recommendations whose purposes are to define the responsibilities of emergency staff in this process, to establish protocols for multidisciplinary cooperation that facilitate the identification of candidate donors, and to consolidate a new approach to patient care that will facilitate optimal management of the donor prior to ICU admission.
ES: Aunque en 2015 se realizaron en España 4.769 trasplantes y la tasa de donación alcanzó los 39,7 donantes por millón de población, miles de pacientes siguen a la espera de un trasplante. El perfil actual de los donantes en muerte encefálica (el 65% fallece por accidente vascular cerebral y su edad media es de 64 años) justifica las estrategias para su detección fuera de las unidades de cuidados intensivos y la creciente participación de los servicios de urgencias y emergencias en el proceso de donación. La Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) y la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) han redactado estas recomendaciones con el objetivo de definir la responsabilidad de los profesionales de urgencias y emergencias en el proceso de donación, establecer unas pautas de trabajo multidisciplinar que favorezcan la detección de posibles donantes y consolidar un nuevo concepto asistencial que permita el manejo óptimo del posible donante hasta su ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.
Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Papel do Médico , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/organização & administração , Humanos , Relações Profissional-Família , Espanha , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although donor detection is influenced by the legal system and family refusal, underreporting due to erroneous knowledge of donation criteria and a lack of familiarity with the procedure among medical professionals is also a contributing factor. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outlook of critical health professionals participating in our postgraduate courses (2001 to 2006) about organ donation. METHODS: We administered an in-depth survey, evaluating attitudes, knowledge, roles, and experiences related to organ and tissue donation and transplantation, to 350 participants before and after the postgraduate courses. RESULTS: We collected 690 surveys from 350 attendees. In the first survey, 280 (80%) of them showed a positive attitude toward organ donation, 210 (60%) toward tissue donation, and 24 (7%) declared lack of knowledge about the subject. Only 175 (50%) had relatives who had donated organs. Sixty-three participants (18%) believed brain death is not equivalent to death, 176 (50%) claimed a lack of adequate training in this area, and 211 (60%) felt uncomfortable approaching families for donation. Only 88 (25%) were able to state the percentage of people receiving an organ in Spain, and 36 (10%) reported the correct number. After the course, the participants declared progress in attitudes toward and comfort levels with donation. Furthermore, family refusal in our hospital decreased from 33% to 8% to 11%. CONCLUSION: Continuous training of health care professionals about transplant, the legal system, and communication skills are crucial for successful organ and tissue donation.
