Reproductive and population parameters of spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias in the south-western Atlantic Ocean.

The objective of this study was to estimate reproductive and population parameters of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias for the south-western Atlantic Ocean. In total, 2714 specimens (1616 males and 1098 females) were collected from surveys carried out using research vessels. Males ranged from 225 to 861 mm total length (LT ) and females from 235 to 925 mm LT . The size at maturity of females (651 mm) was significantly greater than that of males (565 mm). The maximum proportion of mature individuals (Pmax ) of the gestation ogive was <1, which indicates that a proportion of mature females was not in gestation. This inactivity may be explained by the occurrence of resting periods between cycles or by the asynchrony of the reproductive cycle. The estimated Pmax for the maternity ogive suggested that about one third of mature females were in the maternity stage (i.e. with embryos >156 mm). The temporal and spatial co-occurrence of non-gravid adult females at different stages of ovarian development, as well as gravid females at all embryonic development stages would indicate that the female reproductive cycle in the south-western Atlantic Ocean is asynchronous. The results indicate that S. acanthias is susceptible to fishing pressure on account of its length at maturity, extended reproductive cycles and low fecundity.

Trophic ecology of yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis, a top predator in the south-western Atlantic Ocean.

The diet and trophic level (TL ) of the yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis in the south-western Atlantic Ocean (35°-54° S), and how these varied in relation to body size, sex, maturity stage, depth and region were determined by analysis of stomach contents. From 776 specimens analysed, 671 (86·5%) ranging from 180 to 1190 mm total length (LT ) had prey in their stomachs. The diet was dominated by fishes, mainly the notothenioid Patagonotothen ramsayi and the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi. The consumption of fishes and crabs increased with increasing predator size, and these preys were more important in the north than in the south. Isopods and other crustaceans were consumed more in the south and their consumption decreased as the size of Z. chilensis increased. The TL of Z. chilensis increased with LT from 4·29 to 4·59 (mean 4·53), confirming their ecological role as a top predator. The small and large size classes exhibited a low diet overlap and the highest spatial segregation, whereas medium and large specimens had higher co-occurrence and dietary overlap indices. A clear distinction in tooth shape was noted between sexes in adult specimens, with males having longer cusps. This sexual heterodonty may be related to reproductive behaviour, increasing the grasping ability of males during courtship, because there were no differences in diet between the sexes.

Caracterizacao de uma instituicao nao-escolar e avaliacao de sua possivel interferencia no desenvolvimento da personalidade de parte de sua clientela (segunda parte). / Profiles of an extra-school institution and evaluation of its possible interference on the personality development of part of its clients (2d part)

Na etapa inicial desta pesquisa, os autores compararam a analise de uma instituicao nao-escolar para criancas de seis a catorze anos com os resultados de duas aplicacoes da prova de Rorschach com intervalo de um ano. Neste intervalo detectaram a evasao de quarenta das setenta criancas da amostragem inicial. Na presente etapa, propoem a pesquisa dos fatores que ponderam esse fenomeno. Apresentam os dados obtidos junto as familias da populacao evadida (que se mostram possiveis de explicar o fenomeno) bem como discutem aplicacao da prova de Rorschach junto as criancas desta segunda populacao

Doenca mental e processos migratorios. / Mental disease and migratory process

Estudo preliminar realizado por uma equipe multidisciplinar do Setor de Psiquiatria Social da Escola Paulista de Medicina, com base na observacao participante de um grupo de familias migrantes nordestinas com ocorrencia de quadros psiquiatricos. Atraves de analise de alguns casos foi possivel supor que certas condutas, alem de "desviantes", seriam tambem respostas adequadas a situacoes concretas.Levanta-se a hipotese de que e preciso analisar as perturbacoes psiquicas desta populacao no contexto das correntes migratorias internas brasileiras, vinculando o que, na maioria das vezes, e visto exclusivamente do ponto de vista do individuo com processos sociais e culturais mais amplos

Caracterizacao de uma instituicao nao-escolar e avaliacao de sua possivel interferencia no desenvolvimento da personalidade de parte de sua clientela. / Characterization of a non-schoolar institution and evaluation of its possible interference on the personality development of part of its clientele

Os autores descrevem a etapa inicial de uma experiencia em que compararam os resultados da analise de uma instituicao nao-escolar para criancas de 6 a 14 anos, com os resultados de duas aplicacoes de prova de Rorschach (com intervalo de um ano) em uma parcela de sua clientela. Levam em consideracao o estudo das familias dos probandos. Concluem nessa etapa que a interacao entre a instituicao e sua clientela apresenta resultantes positivas reciprocas, e que a aplicacao de dois metodos distintos (estudo da Instituicao e prova de Rorschach) foi eficaz para avaliacao dessas resultantes

Uma tentativa de ensino e pesquisa em psiquiatria social. / An attempt of education and research in social psychiatry

Os autores expoem o seu conceito de Psiquiatria Social e sua importancia dentro do curriculo para a formacao de psiquiatras. Descrevem a situacao atual do fenomeno migratorio, dando enfase neste assunto na regiao de Sao Paulo. E ressaltada a resultante pragmatica para a atividade psiquiatrica com essa populacao atraves de exemplos colhidos em um trabalho de campo que vem se desenvolvendo ha tres anos