Improvement of health risk factors after reduction of VOC concentrations in industrial and urban areas.

After reductions of fugitive and diffuse emissions by an industrial complex, a follow-up study was performed to determine the time variability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the lifetime cancer risk (LCR). Passive samplers (3 M monitors) were placed outdoors (n = 179) and indoors (n = 75) in industrial, urban, and control areas for 4 weeks. Twenty-five compounds including n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and terpenes were determined by GC/MS. The results show a significant decrease of all VOCs, especially in the industrial area and to a lesser extent in the urban area. The median outdoor concentration of benzene in the industrial area declined compared to the former study, around 85% and about 50% in the urban area, which in the past was strongly influenced by industrial emissions. Other carcinogenic compounds like styrene and tetrachloroethylene were reduced to approximately 60%. VOC concentrations in control areas remained nearly unchanged. According to the determined BTEX ratios and interspecies correlations, in contrast to the previous study, traffic was identified as the main emission source in the urban and control areas and showed an increased influence in the industrial area. The LCR, calculated for benzene, styrene, and tetrachloroethylene, shows a decrease of one order of magnitude in accordance to the decreased total VOC concentrations and is now acceptable according to values proposed by the World Health Organization.

Contaminación atmosférica y salud infantil en áreas urbanas e industriales de La Plata, Argentina / Air pollution and children's health in urban and industrial areas of La Plata, Argentina

El impacto de la exposición a contaminantes ambientales sobre la salud humana ha sido ampliamente investigado, encontrándose que muchos problemas de salud están relacionados con la contaminación del aire. En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados obtenidos de un relevamiento empleando cuestionarios epidemiológicos a niños en edad pre-escolar de la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y sus alrededores. Para el estudio se consideraron cuatro zonas, una típicamente urbana, otra con influencia industrial, otra de característica semi-rural y una residencial. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian, en cuanto a las enfermedades asociadas a las zonas en estudio, correlaciones significativas entre la zona industrial y dos tipos de afecciones: bronquitis crónica y piel fotosensible. Estos resultados están en concordancia con el elevado nivel de partículas, compuestos orgánicos asociados con las mismas y compuestos orgánicos volátiles hallados en la zona industrial en comparación con las zonas control. Otras correlaciones significativas encontradas se refieren a mayor predisposición a padecer bronquitis en la población que utiliza querosén como combustible para cocinar y calefacción doméstica y el desarrollo de bronquiolitis en zonas con tránsito vehicular congestionado. Estos resultados contribuyen con información de base de gran utilidad para contextualizar futuros estudios epidemiológicos en la región.

The influence of air pollution on human health has been studied during the last decades. In this sense, several epidemiological studies have shown an association between air pollutants and various diseases. In the present study an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to a population of children between 3 and 6 years of La Plata and its neighbouring areas, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Four different areas were considered: urban, industrial, semi-rural and residential. Results show significant correlations between industrial area and chronic bronchitis and skin photosensitivity. These results depend on the high levels of particles, organic compounds bound to particles and volatile organic compounds found in the industrial area compared to control zones. Other significant correlations are related to the use of kerosene for heating and cooking, and a predisposition to develop bronchitis. Besides, the analyses of questionnaires show a correlation between bronchiolitis and heavy traffic. This investigation contributes with preliminary information to future epidemiological studies in the region.