RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter in the broiler production chain of southern Brazil, by evaluating broiler farms and slaughter line samples, and to determine the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of the isolates. Of the 140 samples investigated in this study, 75 (53.6%) were positive for thermophilic Campylobacter, and all isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular tests as C. jejuni. The resistance to nalidixic acid was the most common (74%), followed by resistance to enrofloxacin (67.3%) and ciprofloxacin (37.1%). However, there was no resistance to the macrolides tested which are recommended for the treatment of human campylobacteriosis. The PFGE showed that the isolates were grouped in eight macrorestriction patterns (P1 to P8). A representative isolate of each macrorestriction pattern was investigated for the presence of virulence genes and all isolates carried the cadF, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, and flaA genes. The dnaJ gene was detected in 87.5% (7/8) of the isolates. The flhA and racR genes were detected in 75% (6/8), while the pldA gene was present in 62.5% (5/8) and the wlaN gene in 25% (2/8). The presence of C. jejuni in broiler farms and in the slaughterhouse is a hazard to consumer given that this pathogen can be maintained throughout the broiler production chain and contaminates the final product. Moreover, the presence of the major virulence genes in the isolates demonstrates that they have the ability to develop campylobacteriosis in humans.
Assuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Campylobacter/genética , Galinhas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Variação Genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Matadouros , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Campylobacter/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Genes Bacterianos , Fenótipo , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of foodborne origin. The pathogen produces a variety of toxins that include the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and expression of 5 SE genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see) in S. aureus isolated from outbreaks occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All isolates, with the exception of 2, presented the same or higher transcriptional expression than the reference strains for at least 1 of these genes. The presence of SE genes combined with high levels of transcriptional expression suggests that 1 or more SEs were involved with the staphylococcal food poisoning outbreak analyzed in the present study.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Enterotoxinas/genética , Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica/epidemiologia , Intoxicação Alimentar Estafilocócica/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Prevalência , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is the second most important pathogen involved in foodborne outbreaks in Brazil. Because of their widespread distribution and biofilm forming ability, handmade sweets are easily contaminated with S. aureus. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) from handmade sweets produced in Pelotas City/Brazil. The virulence potential was checked by evaluating the presence of the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, icaA and icaD genes, the biofilm forming potential and antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. It was find just S. aureus among the CPS isolates. All the S. aureus isolates had biofilm forming ability on stainless steel and more than half of them on polystyrene surfaces. The majority of the isolates carried the icaA (66.6%) and icaD (58.4%) genes and some of them had the genes encoding enterotoxins A (33.4%) and B (16.6%). Furthermore, the majority of the isolates (83%) were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials and multidrug resistance was observed in 8.4% of the isolates. The isolates had virulence potential, and half of them were enterotoxigenic. In addition, the ability of all the isolates to produce biofilms highlights the danger posed by these potentially virulent microorganisms persisting in food manufacturing environments.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Brasil , Coagulase/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterotoxinas/genética , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , VirulênciaRESUMO
Sessenta e cinco cepas de estafilococos coagulase positiva foram identificadas em nível de espécie, através da amplificação, por PCR, de seqüências do gene coa, específicas para S. aureus, e do gene nuc, específicas para S. intermedius e para S. hyicus.
RESUMO
Sixty-five strains of coagulase positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus) were identified at species level by PCR amplification of the coa gene, specific for S. aureus, and of the nuc gene, specific for S. intermedius and for S. hyicus.
Sessenta e cinco cepas de estafilococos coagulase positiva foram identificadas em nível de espécie, através da amplificação, por PCR, de seqüências do gene coa, específicas para S. aureus, e do gene nuc, específicas para S. intermedius e para S. hyicus.
