RESUMO
Metformin is a versatile drug with numerous medical uses. It is known primarily as an anti-hyperglycemic drug that has become the main oral blood-glucose-lowering medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus globally. Its use has been reported in a variety of oral conditions and dentistry in general. Recent clinical trials have indicated the effectiveness of adjunct topical application of metformin in improving the periodontal parameters of patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Additionally, studies have suggested that metformin stimulates odontogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis of stem cells in the tooth pulp. Metformin also stimulates osteoblast proliferation, decreases osteoclast activity and exerts regenerative effects on periodontal bone, thus making it a viable candidate for periodontal regeneration. Metformin monotherapy significantly enhances osseointegration of endosseous implants and has been reported to have anti-cancer effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma by impeding tumor progression. Animal studies have indicated that metformin improves orthodontic tooth movement and resists orthodontic appliance corrosion. This narrative review aims to provide a current summary of research highlighting the prospective uses of metformin in dentistry.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues (Ad-MSCs) are a very attractive target to treat many diseases. In relation to nephrology, the aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of Ad-MSCs for the amelioration of acute kidney injury and to explore the mechanism of renal parenchymal changes in response to allogeneic transplantation of Ad-MSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nephrotoxicity was induced by cisplatin (CP) in balb/c mice according to RIFLE Class and AKIN Stage 3. PCR, qRT-PCR and fluorescent labeled cells infusion, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, functional analyses were used for genes and proteins expressions data acquisition respectively. We demonstrated that single intravenous infusion of 2.5×107/kg mAd-MSCs in mice pre-injected with CP recruited to the kidney, restored the renal structure, and function, which resulted in progressive survival of mice. The renal tissue morphology was recovered in terms of diminished necrosis or epithelial cells damage, protein casts formation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, tubular dilatation, and restoration of brush border protein; Megalin and decreased Kim-1 expressions in mAd-MSCs transplanted mice. Significant reduction in serum creatinine with slashed urea and urinary protein levels were observed. Anti-BrdU staining displayed enhanced tubular cells proliferation. Predominantly, downgrade expressions of TNF-α and TGF-ß1 were observed post seven days in mAd-MSCs transplanted mice. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-MSCs exerts pro-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. Ad-MSCs transplantation without any chemical or genetic manipulation can provide the evidence of therapeutic strategy for the origin of regeneration and overall an improved survival of the system in functionally deprived failed kidneys.
