Negative association between plasma levels of adiponectin and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 in obese women under non-energy-restrictive regime.

The aim of this study was to reveal whether accumulation of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially polychlorinated biphenyl (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, PCB 153), affects plasma levels of adiponectin in obese patients. The study was designed as a longitudinal intervention trial with a control group, where 27 obese women (body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m(2); age 21-74 years) were studied before (OB) and after (OB-LCD) a 3-month low-calorie-diet intervention (LCD; 5 MJ daily). As the control group, 9 female volunteers without LCD intervention were used (C; BMI=19-25 kg/m(2); age 21-64 years). Plasma levels of PCB 153 were measured by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron capture detection; total adiponectin and insulin plasma levels were quantified by immunoassays; and adiponectin multimeric complexes were quantified by immunoblotting. Plasma levels of total adiponectin, high and medium molecular weight multimers significantly negatively correlated with plasma levels of PCB 153 in OB, but not in C or in OB-LCD, whereas the LCD intervention lowered BMI by 3.3+/-3.0 kg/m(2). Our results may suggest suppression of adiponectin by PCB 153 in obese women under non-energy-restrictive regime, which may contribute to the known association of PCB 153 and other POPs with type 2 diabetes.

[Comparison of dietary habits in obese and thin women using the food frequency questionnaire]. / Srovnání stravovacích zvyklostí obézních a stíhlých zen metodou frekvencního potravinového dotazníku.

INTRODUCTION: Imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, influenced as well as by eating pattern, contributes to the development of obesity. The aim of retrospective "case-control" study was to compare dietary pattern of 246 obese women (O, BMI = 36.2 +/- 7.4 kg/m2) with 108 control, normal weight, women (C, BMI = 22.8 +/- 3.3 kg/m2). The examined groups were randomly selected according Body Mass Index from non dieting population. METHODS: The administration of Food frequency questionnaire [1] was used, evaluating three months period before administration. The eating patterns in the form of relative representation of the main food commodities, based on intake frequencies (RRFCI), were calculated using special mathematical procedure and were compared using the non-pair two sides' t-test. RESULTS: O performed significantly lower absolute number of intake of non-drink food per month (p = 0.01). RRFCI in the eating patterns of O and C is summarized in the next table: [table: see text] CONCLUSION: Obese women showed significantly higher relative number of frequencies of intake of meat and dairy products and lower proportion of frequencies of intake of cereals, free fat, sweets in their eating patterns in comparison to normal weight women.

[A 100 kg weight loss in a young male patient with a combination of dietary intervention, increased physical activity and plastic surgery]. / 100 kg redukce mladého pacienta kombinací dietní intervence, zvýsené fyzické aktivity a operativního prístupu plastické chirurgie.

Authors describe a case of 100 kg weight loss of 20 years aged old patient with the incipient body weight 174 kg (BMI = 64 kg/m2) during four years using combination of dietary intervention (2; 5; 6.7; 7.6 MJ), increased physical activity and repeated surgical resection of cutaneous lobes. Development of laboratory parameters, resting energy expenditure, correction of hypertension and hyperuricaemia are documented.

[Nutritional status and problems with obesity in relation to educational status in young people in the Czech Republic]. / Výzivový stav a problematika obezity u mladých lidí Ceské republiky ve vztahu ke vzdelání.

UNLABELLED: The cross section study was performed with the aim to detect health prone nutritional behaviour and describe its relationship to the education in the groups of 20-25 years old people. Two groups: 449 undergraduate medical students (UG) and 116 non-graduate control people (C) were compared in respect of their food habits (food frequency questionnaire), nutrition (3 days dietary records data) and health nutritional state (measurement of body weight, height, percentage of body fat using Harpenden calliper). UG male performed higher energy intake, however, they did not differ in BMI, but they showed lower proportion of body fat ¿95% CI:(-4.22; -4.18)% of body content¿, probably due to higher physical activity. UG female performed lower energy intake and lower body mass index in comparison to C ¿95% CI:(-4.18; -4.8) kg/m2¿. CONCLUSION: Higher level of education is associated with health prone behaviour and is reflected on health nutritional state already in age of early adulthood.

[Dietary habits in obese individuals before ambulatory obesity treatment]. / Stravovací zvyklosti obézních pred príchodem do obezitologické ambulance.

Resting energy expenditure, using indirect calorimetry, and food habits by the food frequency questionnaire, were measured in randomly selected 200 obese people (body weight 102 +/- 23 kg, age 41 +/- 15 yrs) during their first appointment in the Centre for obesity treatment. All were educated in low calorie diet (LCD = 5 MJ) regime at the same way. After 30 months the obese people from the highest and the lowest quartile according to the percentage of weight loss (derived as a percentage of their initial body weight) were compared. There was not found any statistical difference in frequency of particular commodities intake, only higher probability of good weight reduction was confirmed in obese with higher body weight (p < 0.003) and higher resting energy expenditure (p < 0.02) on the beginning of the LCD treatment. This study has demonstrated that food habits assessed according food frequency questionnaire has not predictive value to distinguish between successful or non-successful compliance with very low calorie diet.

[Energy expenditure at rest and obesity]. / Klidový energetický výdej a obezita.

Adult human body has to have, because of every day fluctuating energy intake and energy needs, very precious adaptive mechanisms for maintenance of heat homeostasis in the body and nearly stable body weight and body composition, which are optimal for life and reproduction. These short term functioning adaptive mechanisms are called "empty biochemical mechanisms", where chemically bound energy is transformed to heat without work performance. These mechanisms are present on the cellular level (substrates cycles, uncoupling of respiration chain), on the interorgan metabolic level (glycolysis and gluconeogenesis between liver and adipose tissue-glucose-lactate cycle). Central nervous system controls them via many factors; the most important are catecholamines, leptin, insulin, thyroid hormones, cortisol, growth and sex hormones. Neurotransmitters and neuronal net influence energy intake and other behavior. Obesity seems to be associated with the amelioration or overcoming of possibilities of function short-term effective adaptive mechanisms.

[Health effects of weight reduction]. / Zdravotní dopady váhové redukce.

Although weight loss is routinely recommended for obese person, the observational literature is controversial in respect of prolongation of life longevity after body weight loss. The positive long-term outcome has been found only in intentional weight loss in obese people with obesity-related comorbidities. The main task in obesity treatment strategy is "primum non nocere". The authors analysed the short-term effect and acceptability of low calorie diet (5 MJ) on health state of 150 obese people (BMI x = 35.9 kg/m2). The acceptability of this diet was 60% only, when the rest of patients has broken this regime mostly after second appointment with their physician. The successful patients achieved 10% weight loss from initial body weight during in average 5 months (95% CI for BMI reduction = (-4.55; -3.01), as well as reduction of percentage of body fat (95% CI = -7.7; -3). During this period has been observed in consistency with experimental evidence of other authors a decrease of plasma values of triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemic patients, but not significant increase of HDL cholesterol. During this period obese persons have taken up more physical activities and felt themselves more psychologically comfortable.