[Tuberculosis in the newborn: recrudescence in areas with high endemic HIV infection]. / Tuberculose du nouveau-né: résurgence en milieu de forte endémie de VIH.

Despite the rising prevalence of tuberculosis due in part to the HIV pandemic in Africa, there have been few reports describing neonatal or congenital tuberculosis and its association with maternal HIV infection has been rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in newborns from areas with high endemic rates of both tuberculosis and HIV infection. During the 2-year study period all neonates admitted to the Campus Teaching Hospital in Lomé, Togo for differential diagnosis of symptoms compatible with tuberculosis were investigated. The clinical profile of tuberculosis in the newborn was correlated with that of the mother with or without HIV infection. Perinatal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 13 of the 79 newborns investigated including 8 whose mothers were co-infected by HIV and tuberculosis. Seven cases were classified as congenital tuberculosis. The predominant clinical features were respiratory distress (10/13), fever (9/13), hepatomegaly (9/13), intra-uterine growth retardation (8/13), stagnation or loss of weight (6/13), cough (4/13) and splenomegaly (4/13). Diagnosis of maternal HIV and tuberculosis infection was never made prior to newborn admission to our department. Four newborns and two mothers died within 3 months after childbirth. This study on perinatal tuberculosis in children born to mothers with or without HIV infection demonstrates the need for early diagnostic methods, consensual therapeutic protocols, and further study in larger geographical area to specify epidemiologic features and reduce high mortality.

[Neonatal septicaemia: bacteriological aspects and outcome in the university hospital center of Lome]. / Septicémie néonatale: aspects bactériologiques et évolutifs au centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé, Togo.

UNLABELLED: Despite the progress in neonatal intensive care and antibiotics, the neonatal septicaemia remains very frequent and lethal in tropical areas. OBJECTIVE: To study the bacteriology and outcome of the neonatal septicaemia through an analysis of 50 confirmed cases. METHODS: Every child aged of less than 29 days, suspected of infection and with at least one positive blood culture has been included. His perinatal antecedents, clinical features, bacteriological findings, treatments and clinical outcome have been collected. The patients have been divided into 3 groups in regard to the postnatal age at the first positive blood culture: before 48 hours, between 3 and 7 days and after 7 days of life. RESULTS: The neonatal septicaemia occurred in 50% of the cases before 48 hours, 24% from the 2nd to the 7th day and 26% from the 8th to the 28th day of life. Enterobacteriaceae (54%) with E. coli predominant (30%) and S. aureus (28%) were the most frequent germs and particularly during the first week of life: 20/27 and 11/14 respectively. The resistance to the association of ampicillin or amoxicillin and gentamicin was 70% for Enterobacteriaceae and 71% for Staphylococci. The lethality was 36% with an excess of lethality for S. aureus (43%). CONCLUSION: The high rates of frequency and lethality of the neonatal septicaemia in tropical areas require a perinatal care improvement to reduce its morbidity and mortality.

Tuberculose du nouveau-né: Résurgence en milieu de forte épidémie de VIH

Malgré l'augmentation de la fréquence de la tuberculose en Afrique,due en partie à la pandémie duVIH,les publications sur la tuberculose néonatale ou congénitale restent rares et peu en rapport avec l'infectionVIH de la mère. Evaluer les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques dela tuberculose du nouveau-né dans une loca-lité de forte endémie de VIH et de tuberculose,tel a été le but assigné à cette étude. Durant deux ans,tout nou-veau-né admis au Centre hospitalier universitaire-Campus de Lomé pour des signes faisant discuter le diagnos-tic de tuberculoseabénéficié d'une ex p l o ration.Le pro filclinique de latuberculose du nouveau-né et ses rap p o rt savec celle de la mère infectée ou non par le VIH ont été déterminés. Des 79 nouveau-nés ainsi explorés,13 avaientune tuberculose néonatale. Huit d'entre eux sont nés de mère infectée par le VIH et la tuberculose. Sept étaientatteints de tuberculose congénitale. Les signes cliniques prédominants étaient :la détresse respiratoire (10/13),lafi è v re (9/13),l ' h é p at o m é galie(9/13),le re t a rd de croissanceintra - u t é rine (8/13),la stag n ation ou la perte depoids( 6 / 1 3 ) ,latoux(4/13) et lasplénomégalie (4/13). Chez aucune desmèresle diagnostic de VIH et de tuberculose n'étaitétabli avant l'admission de leurs nouveau-nés. Quatre nouveau-nés et deux mères sont décédés au cours des troismois suivant l'accouchement. Cette étude de la tuberculose du nouveau-né de mère infectée ou non par le VIHdemande des méthodes de diagnostic précoce,des protocoles thérapeutiques consensuels et d'autres études surchamp géographique étendu pour en préciser l'épidémiologie et réduire la forte létalité