Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 infection among prisoners of a major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil.

Introduction: Studies on human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection are scarce in incarcerated population. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among prisoners of the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil, comparing it with available data from other Brazilian regions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 910 prisoners of the major penitentiary complex in the State of Goiás, Central-West Brazil. All participants were interviewed, and their serum samples were tested for anti-HTLV-1/2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK). Seropositive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HTLV I/II, Fujirebio, Europe N.V., Belgium). Results: The majority of participants were males (83.1%), between 25 and 39 years old (56.1%; mean age: 31.98 years), self-reported brown ethnicity (56.2%) and reported 9 years or less of formal education (41.4%). Most reported using non-injectable illicit drugs and various sexual behaviors that present risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.33% (95% CI: 0.07-0.96), HTLV-1 (0.22%) and HTLV-2 (0.11%). The two HTLV-1 seropositive prisoners reported high-risk sexual behaviors, and the HTLV-2 seropositive individual was breastfed during childhood (> 6 months) by her mother and three other women. Conclusion: These data revealed a relatively low seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 in prisoners in Central-West Brazil, and evidence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 circulation in the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State. Given the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors, there is a crucial need to intensify education and health programs in prisons to effectively control and prevent HTLV-1/2 and other STIs.

Self-care Level of Adults With Arterial Hypertension in Outpatient Follow-up in Brazil: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Self-care is essential for minimizing the long-term progression of hypertension (HTN) and improving global health outcomes. However, little is known about the predictors of HTN self-care among adults with HTN in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-care practices and the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors of adults with HTN in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted by telephone with 120 adults with HTN monitored in a specialized outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected by a questionnaire survey. Self-care was assessed by the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory version 2. Multiple regression and Kendall's correlation analyses were performed to determine possible predictors. RESULTS: Low levels of self-care were observed across maintenance, management, and confidence measures. A weak correlation was observed between self-care maintenance and education (-0.13), the time of diagnosis (0.16), and the number of medications (0.15); self-care management and family income (0.13) and cognitive function (0.17); and self-care confidence and systolic (-0.15) and diastolic (-0.18) blood pressure values and time of diagnosis (0.16). In multiple regression analysis, self-care confidence was a predictor of self-care maintenance ( ß = 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.36) and management ( ß = 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.46). CONCLUSION: Confidence was essential in the maintenance and management of self-care and is central to the control of HTN. Self-care interventions must consider the different aspects that may affect self-care, highlighting improving self-care confidence as a main goal.

Treponema pallidum: percepção de vulnerabilidade à infecção pelas mulheres trabalhadoras da segurança pública de Goiás / Treponema pallidum: perception of vulnerability to infection among female public safety workers in Goiás

O estudo objetivou analisar a percepção de risco para à infecção pelo Treponema pallidum em trabalhadores da segurança pública do sexo feminino, na capital do Estado de Goiás, Goiânia. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva com 47 mulheres por meio da aplicação de instrumento semiestruturado. Para análise dos acervos das narrativas utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se a emergência de 03 (três) categorias temáticas: (Des) Conhecimento geral sobre a sífilis; Tabus em relação ao uso de preservativo em relacionamento monogâmico; e Novas ferramentas e educação em saúde. Os principais achados revelam a baixa percepção de conhecimento sobre sífilis, a sensação de invulnerabilidade e a baixa adesão ao uso de preservativos entre as mulheres na força policial. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de programas eficazes de intervenção para prevenir essa infecção, que tem proporções epidêmicas e projeções de aumento, entre as trabalhadoras da segurança pública.

The study aimed to analyze the perception of risk for infection by Treponema pallidum in female public security workers, in the capital of the State of Goiás, Goiânia. This is a qualitative, descriptive research with 47 women through the application of a semi-structured instrument. To analyze the collections of narratives, the content analysis method was used. There was the emergence of 03 (three) thematic categories: (Mis) General knowledge about syphilis; Taboos regarding the use of condoms in a monogamous relationship; and New tools and health education. The main findings reveal the low perception of knowledge about syphilis, the feeling of invulnerability and the low adherence to the use of condoms among women in the police force. These results reinforce the need for effective intervention programs to prevent this infection, which has epidemic proportions and is projected to increase, among public security workers.

Educational intervention improves knowledge and adherence to treatment amongst puerperal women with syphilis: randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Gestational syphilis requires early detection and proper treatment to prevent negative maternal-fetal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on treatment adherence and knowledge about syphilis in postpartum women with positive Treponema pallidum results. METHODS: A randomized, parallel, and open clinical trial was conducted with 64 postpartum women who tested positive for T. pallidum, assigned to two groups (1:1 ratio). The Intervention Group (IG) received an educational intervention on syphilis, including an explanatory leaflet and hands-on demonstrations, along with standard guidelines. The Control Group (CG) received standard guidelines alone. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted to measure knowledge and treatment adherence. Statistical analyses included descriptive and inferential methods, assessing group homogeneity using the Chi-square or Fishers exact test. The interventions effectiveness was determined using relative risk, and pre- and post-test scores were compared using the independent t test. RESULTS: The post-test revealed improvements in knowledge scores for general knowledge, treatment, and prevention domains (p < .05). The IG demonstrated an increase in post-test knowledge scores (p = .001), with association between post-test scores and treatment adherence (p = .001). CONCLUSION: The educational intervention on syphilis improved knowledge and treatment adherence in postpartum women with syphilis.

Prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among an incarcerated population of Central-Western Brazil.

Brazilian prison complexes are characterized by overcrowded cells and precarious conditions, leading to chronically low vacancy. Brazilian studies involving overt and occult infection (OBI) in this population are still scarce despite the vulnerability of people deprived of liberty to hepatitis B. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of HBV infection (overall and OBI) in individuals deprived of liberty in prisons in Central-Western Brazil. In addition, factors associated with HBV infection were evaluated. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 1083 prisoners who were tested for serological hepatitis B markers and HBV DNA from 2017 to 2020. Factors associated with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. An overall prevalence of HBV infection of 10.1% (95% CI: 8.42-12.11) was detected. Only 32.8% (95% CI: 30.08-35.76) had isolated anti-HBs positivity (serological evidence of HBV vaccination). Indeed, more than half of the population was susceptible to HBV infection (57.1%; 95% CI: 54.15-60.13). HBV DNA was detected in one HBsAg-positive sample (n=1/9; 11%). Also, HBV DNA was detected in five HBsAg-negative samples (n=5/1074), resulting in a prevalence of 0.5% (95% CI: 0.15-1.08) for occult infection. After the multivariate analysis, sexual intercourse with a partner living with HIV was a predictor independently associated with HBV exposure (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.26-14.55; p<0.020). These data demonstrate the need for preventive measures, mainly aimed at health education and better strategies for hepatitis B screening to control this infection in prisons more effectively.

Cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: a 10-year follow-up survival analysis.

AIMS: Cardiovascular risk factors present a high prevalence and have an impact on the morbimortality of the elderly; however, studies evaluating the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly have had short follow-up times and have not allowed specific analyses of the effects of these factors in the aged population, including how they affect the survival of the elderly. This study aimed to analyse the survival of elderly individuals living in the community, considering the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective 10-year follow-up was initiated in 2008 with a cohort of 418 elderly people living in a community in Central Brazil. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the association between survival and cardiovascular risk factors. The mean age of the participants was 70.6 (±7.1) years; most participants were hypertensive (81.6%) and participated in irregular physical activity (44%), and 43.3% smoked. After a mean follow-up of 8.38 (±2.82) years, 59.3% had survived and 34.1% had died; among the deaths, 14.1% were due to cardiovascular causes. Age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.067, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.027-1.109], hypertension (HR 3.178, 95% CI 1.144-8.826), and smoking (HR 2.235, 95% CI 1.253-3.987) were confirmed as risk factors for reduced survival, whereas physical activity was a protective factor (HR 0.456, 95% CI 0.206-1.007). CONCLUSION: The results from this study highlight the need for educational policies towards hypertension and smoking prevention among elderly people, and participation in physical activity needs to be encouraged.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of nursing interventions in research from Brazilian postgraduation programs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate research from Brazilian postgraduate students who provide evidence of effectiveness for Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). METHODS: We conducted a literature review study of thesis and dissertations available in the Brazilian Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses (D/T) in May 2021 regardless of the year they were conducted. In those studies that did not utilize the NIC in the effectiveness evaluation, the cross-mapping methodology was employed between NIC and the interventions used by the authors of the studies. RESULTS: Using a systematic process, we identified 91 studies. Twenty-seven met a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. We found an increase in studies that focused on nursing interventions in the last 10 years (n = 19), a large proportion of clinical trials (n = 16), and the majority of articles from the Southeast region of Brazil (n = 20). The areas of focus were adult and elderly care, and with a special interest in the behavioral domain (n = 11). Two sensitivity criteria were identified in all D/T (n = 27), and each study presented evidence of effectiveness of a minimum of three criteria simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the effectiveness criteria, the Brazilian scientific production in postgraduate programs carried out by nurses provides evidence of the effectiveness for NIC nursing interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: It is recommended to conduct further research that uses the NIC in the planning, conduct, and evaluation of interventions, based on effectiveness criteria of nursing sensitivity.

Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional para prevenção do hiv/aids em mulheres privadas de liberdade / Construction and validation of educational technology for hiv/aids prevention in women deprived of freedom / Construcción y validación de tecnología educativa para la prevención del vih/sida en mujeres privadas de libertad

RESUMO: Objetivo: descrever o processo de elaboração e validação de tecnologia educacional para prevenção do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana em população feminina privada de liberdade. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em um complexo prisional no Centro Oeste do Brasil, de janeiro a julho de 2019, utilizando escala Likert de quatro pontos. Os dados foram analisados com testes Alfa de Cronbach e KAPPA. Considerou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80 para validação e concordância mínima de 75%. Resultados: os itens do material foram pertinentes com obtenção do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo total de (IVCt=0,87) para especialistas e (IVCt=0,95) para mulheres. Os especialistas avaliaram a cartilha, classificando-a com grau de recomendação "superior" (média de 91%). Houve adequações, alcançando, ao final, índice de concordância superior a 88,7%. Conclusão: acredita-se que essa tecnologia represente um avanço para a Saúde Pública, já que utilizou medidas e instrumentos confiáveis e apropriados para o público-alvo.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of elaboration and validation of educational technology for prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in female population deprived of freedom. Method: methodological study conducted in a prison complex in the Midwest of Brazil, from January to July 2019, using a four-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed with Cronbach's Alpha and KAPPA tests. A minimum Content Validity Index of 0.80 was considered for validation and minimum 75% agreement. Results: The items of the material were relevant with a total Content Validity Index of (CVI t=0.87) for specialists and (CVI t=0.95) for women. The specialists evaluated the booklet, classifying it with a "superior" degree of recommendation (average of 91%). There were adjustments, reaching, in the end, a concordance index higher than 88.7%. Conclusion: we believe that this technology represents an advance for Public Health, since it used reliable and appropriate measures and instruments for the target audience.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso de elaboración y validación de tecnología educativa para la prevención del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana en población femenina privada de libertad. Método: estudio metodológico realizado en un complejo penitenciario del Centro-Oeste de Brasil, de enero a julio de 2019, utilizando una escala Likert de cuatro puntos. Los datos se analizaron con las pruebas alfa de Cronbach y KAPPA. Se consideró un Índice de Validez del Contenido mínimo de 0,80 para la validación y un acuerdo mínimo del 75%. Resultados: los ítems del material fueron pertinentes con la obtención del Índice de Validez de Conocimiento total de (IVCt=0,87) para especialistas e (IVCt=0,95) para mujeres. Los expertos evaluaron el folleto, calificándolo de "superior" (media del 91%). Hubo adecuaciones, alcanzando, al final, índice de concordancia superior a 88,7%. Conclusión: esta tecnología representa un avance para la sanidad pública, ya que utiliza medidas e instrumentos fiables y apropiados para el público objetivo.

[Periodontal status of temporarily institutionalized homeless adults and associated factors]. / Condição periodontal de adultos em situação de rua temporariamente institucionalizados e fatores associados.

The scope of this cross-sectional study was to describe the periodontal status and its association with sociodemographic, oral-health related behaviors and use of drugs among temporarily institutionalized homeless adults. The data were collected through oral clinical examination and a questionnaire with 102 adults attending the only public institution for this group in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The periodontal condition was measured by the presence of bleeding on probing, dental calculus and pockets, according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Chi-square test and Poisson regressions with robust variance were performed. The prevalence of CPI>1 was 83.3%. Approximately 68% of the sample had bleeding, 82.4% had calculus and 9.8% had periodontal pockets. In the bivariate analyses, those who reported having used illicit drugs had a higher prevalence of calculus; males and unmarried adults had a higher prevalence of pockets. In the adjusted analysis, individuals who used dental floss had a lower prevalence of bleeding (PR=0.58; 95%CI=0.35-0.96). The remaining covariates were not associated with the outcomes. It was concluded that the prevalence of periodontal alteration was high, the most frequent condition was calculus and the only independent association was between bleeding and the use of dental floss.

O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever a condição periodontal e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentos em saúde bucal e uso de drogas entre indivíduos em situação de rua temporariamente institucionalizados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico e questionário com 102 adultos atendidos na única instituição pública para este grupo em Goiânia, Goiás. A condição periodontal foi avaliada pela presença de sangramento à sondagem, cálculo dentário e bolsas, de acordo com o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI). Foram realizados o teste Qui-quadrado e regressões de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de CPI>1 foi de 83,3%. Cerca de 68,0% da amostra apresentou sangramento, 82,4% cálculo e 9,8% bolsa periodontal. Nas análises bivariadas, os que tinham usado drogas ilícitas alguma vez tinham maior prevalência de cálculo; os homens e os indivíduos sem união estável tinham maior prevalência de bolsa. Na análise ajustada, indivíduos que usavam fio dental tiveram menor prevalência de sangramento (RP=0,58; IC95%=0,35-0,96). As demais covariáveis não foram associadas aos desfechos. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de alteração periodontal foi alta, houve predomínio de cálculo e a única associação independente foi entre sangramento e uso de fio dental.

Condição periodontal de adultos em situação de rua temporariamente institucionalizados e fatores associados / Periodontal status of temporarily institutionalized homeless adults and associated factors

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever a condição periodontal e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentos em saúde bucal e uso de drogas entre indivíduos em situação de rua temporariamente institucionalizados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico e questionário com 102 adultos atendidos na única instituição pública para este grupo em Goiânia, Goiás. A condição periodontal foi avaliada pela presença de sangramento à sondagem, cálculo dentário e bolsas, de acordo com o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI). Foram realizados o teste Qui-quadrado e regressões de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de CPI>1 foi de 83,3%. Cerca de 68,0% da amostra apresentou sangramento, 82,4% cálculo e 9,8% bolsa periodontal. Nas análises bivariadas, os que tinham usado drogas ilícitas alguma vez tinham maior prevalência de cálculo; os homens e os indivíduos sem união estável tinham maior prevalência de bolsa. Na análise ajustada, indivíduos que usavam fio dental tiveram menor prevalência de sangramento (RP=0,58; IC95%=0,35-0,96). As demais covariáveis não foram associadas aos desfechos. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de alteração periodontal foi alta, houve predomínio de cálculo e a única associação independente foi entre sangramento e uso de fio dental.

Abstract The scope of this cross-sectional study was to describe the periodontal status and its association with sociodemographic, oral-health related behaviors and use of drugs among temporarily institutionalized homeless adults. The data were collected through oral clinical examination and a questionnaire with 102 adults attending the only public institution for this group in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The periodontal condition was measured by the presence of bleeding on probing, dental calculus and pockets, according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Chi-square test and Poisson regressions with robust variance were performed. The prevalence of CPI>1 was 83.3%. Approximately 68% of the sample had bleeding, 82.4% had calculus and 9.8% had periodontal pockets. In the bivariate analyses, those who reported having used illicit drugs had a higher prevalence of calculus; males and unmarried adults had a higher prevalence of pockets. In the adjusted analysis, individuals who used dental floss had a lower prevalence of bleeding (PR=0.58; 95%CI=0.35-0.96). The remaining covariates were not associated with the outcomes. It was concluded that the prevalence of periodontal alteration was high, the most frequent condition was calculus and the only independent association was between bleeding and the use of dental floss.

Dental pain in adult and elderly homeless people: Prevalence, associated factors, and impact on the quality of life in Midwest Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with dental pain and its impact on the quality of life of adult and elderly homeless people in Midwest Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 353 individuals aged ≥18 attending a public homeless shelter in a Brazilian state capital (Goiânia). Data on sociodemographic, psychosocial, drug use and oral health-related factors, and quality of life [Oral Impact on Daily Performance scale (OIDP)] were collected through interviews. Pearson's Chi-square tests and robust Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental pain in the past 6 months was 50 percent. Most of the respondents reported very severe pain and self-management including medication and tooth extraction. In the adjusted regression, the prevalence of pain was 1.48 times higher among individuals who last visited the dentist within the past 2 years, compared to those who had visited more than 2 years ago; and nearly five times higher among those with a perceived need for dental treatment, compared to those with no need. The prevalence of oral impact on daily performance was 80.1 percent and the most affected activities were "difficulty eating" and "feeling ashamed to smile or speak." The adjusted prevalence of impact was higher among individuals who had dental pain, regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence, intensity, and self-management of dental pain were high among the Brazilian homeless people studied. Reporting of pain was associated with factors related to dental care and negatively affected their quality of life.

Satisfaction with oral health and associated factors among homeless people in Midwest Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Self-perceived oral health has been extensively investigated, but studies on homeless people are scarce, and there is currently no evidence from Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with satisfaction with the oral health of homeless individuals in one Brazilian capital of the Midwest region. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 351 adult individuals attending a temporary public shelter who were interviewed about sociodemographic and psychosocial aspects, drugs use and oral health. The outcome was satisfaction with oral health (satisfied/dissatisfied). Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with oral health was 68.9% (95% CI = 63.9-73.6). After adjusting for covariates, dissatisfaction was more frequent among individuals who were married/in a stable relationship (PR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.02-1.36), with felt need for treatment (PR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.23-4.17) or complete prosthesis (PR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.18-1.55), and those who used illicit drugs in the past six months (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.06-1.39). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with oral health in the homeless individuals studied was high and associated with their marital status, use of illicit drugs and self-reported need for dental treatment and complete prosthesis.

Caracterização da saúde e saneamento de uma comunidade quilombola no entorno da capital do Brasil: um scoping review / Characterization of health and sanitation in a quilombola community in the surroundings of the capital of Brazil: a scoping review

RESUMO A comunidade quilombola Mesquita possui uma identidade intimamente relacionada com a terra; todavia, atualmente, as relações entre saúde e saneamento apresentam-se de forma precarizada devido à expansão do agronegócio e do mercado imobiliário. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os aspectos de saúde e saneamento da comunidade quilombola Mesquita da Cidade Ocidental do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Esta revisão foi estruturada no método de um scoping review elaborado com a finalidade de síntese de evidências auxiliando no direcionamento de políticas públicas e na tomada de decisões práticas para o território. Os principais resultados encontrados nos aspectos de saúde foram a importância da Unidade Básica de Saúde, da agroecologia e das terapias alternativas. Já nos aspectos de saneamento foram o abastecimento de água e o tratamento/disposição de resíduos sólidos. Constata-se que o fortalecimento e a interdependência da saúde humana e ambiental, da cultura e da ancestralidade da história africana e o reconhecimento dos direitos territoriais potencializarão o cuidado coletivo com o suporte de diferentes atores sociais. É notório que o enfrentamento da escravidão no Brasil ainda existe no Quilombo Mesquita, pela invisibilidade e inassistência refletidas atualmente pelas ações governamentais.

ABSTRACT The Mesquita quilombola community has an identity closely related to land, however, nowadays, the relationship between health and sanitation is precarious due to the expansion of agribusiness and the real estate market. The aim of this study was to identify the health and sanitation aspects of the quilombo community of Mesquita of Cidade Ocidental, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. This review was structured using a scoping review method designed to synthesize evidence to help guide public policies and make practical decisions for the territory. The main results found in health aspects were the importance of the Basic Health Unit, of agroecology, and of alternative therapies. As for sanitation, they were water supply and treatment/disposal of solid waste. It is said that the strengthening and interdependence of human and environmental health, of the culture and ancestry of African history and recognition of territorial rights will enhance collective care with the support of different social actors. It is clear that the fight against slavery in Brazil still exists in the Mesquita quilombo, due to the invisibility and lack of assistance currently reflected by governmental actions.

Desafios globais das políticas de saúde voltadas à população masculina: revisão integrativa / Desafíos globales de las políticas de salud dirigidas a la población masculina: revisión integradora / Global challenges of health policies aimed at the male population: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as publicações científicas quanto aos desafios para construção e inserção das políticas de saúde voltadas à população masculina no Brasil e no mundo. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura com inclusão de estudos que discorreram sobre políticas de saúde do homem. Busca realizada, em julho de 2020 e janeiro 2022 nas bases de dados: Public/PublishMedline (PUBMED), Scopus, Embase e Web of Science. Incluíram-se artigos nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, sem restrição de data de publicação. As buscas foram obtidas pelo cruzamento nas bases com os seguintes descritores: Men's Health, Health Policy, Men. Resultados Foram identificados 1709 artigos. Após o processo de seleção e análise, 29 estudos compuseram a amostra. Verificou-se que 79,5% dos estudos foram conduzidos no Brasil, 6,9% no Reino Unido, 3,4% envolvendo países do continente asiático, 3,4% na Irlanda e Austrália, 3,4% na Escócia e 3,4% União Europeia. Foram publicados no período entre 2008 e 2021. Da análise emergiram as categorias: Desconhecimento e reconhecimento da política masculina e (Des) construção da política masculina. Conclusão Independentemente do país, os estereótipos de gênero e a inabilidade dos gestores, profissionais de saúde e dos próprios homens em reconhecer a política foram os principais desafios na construção e inserção das políticas para a população masculina. Considera-se necessária a legitimação da atenção integral ao homem como movimento social e política governamental, visando à melhoria da qualidade da gestão e prática clínica.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las publicaciones científicas con relación a los desafíos para la construcción e inserción de las políticas de salud dirigidas a la población masculina en Brasil y en el mundo. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura con inclusión de estudios que tratan sobre políticas de salud del hombre. Búsqueda realizada en julio de 2020 y enero de 2022 en las bases de datos: Public/PublishMedline (PUBMED), Scopus, Embase y Web of Science. Se incluyeron artículos en los idiomas portugués, español e inglés, sin restricción de fecha de publicación. Las búsquedas se obtuvieron por el cruce en las bases con los siguientes descriptores: Men's Health, Health Policy, Men. Resultados Se identificaron 1.709 artículos. Después del proceso de selección y análisis, 29 estudios compusieron la muestra. Se verificó que el 79,5 % de los estudios se condujo en Brasil, el 6,9 % en Reino Unido, el 3,4 % en países del continente asiático, el 3,4 % en Irlanda y Australia, el 3,4 % en Escocia y el 3,4 % en la Unión Europea. Fueron publicados en el período entre 2008 y 2021. Del análisis surgieron las categorías: Desconocimiento y reconocimiento de la política masculina y (Des)construcción de la política masculina. Conclusión Independientemente del país, los estereotipos de género y la falta de habilidad de los gestores, de los profesionales de salud y de los propios hombres para reconocer a la política fueron los principales retos en la construcción e inserción de las políticas para la población masculina. Se considera necesaria la legitimación de la atención integral al hombre como movimiento social y política gubernamental, con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de la gestión y de la práctica clínica.

Abstract Objective To analyze scientific publications regarding the challenges for the construction and insertion of health policies aimed at the male population in Brazil and in the world. Methods This is an integrative literature review with the inclusion of studies that discussed men's health policies. Search was performed in July 2020 and January 2022 in the Public/Publish MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases. Articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English were included, without restriction of publication date. The searches were obtained by crossing the bases with the following descriptors: Men's Health, Health Policy, Men. Results A total of 1,709 articles were identified. After the selection and analysis process, 29 studies made up the sample. It was found that 79.5% of studies were conducted in Brazil, 6.9% in the United Kingdom, 3.4% involving countries on the Asian continent, 3.4% in Ireland and Australia, 3.4% in Scotland and 3.4% in the European Union. They were published between 2008 and 2021. From the analysis, the following categories emerged: Lack of knowledge and recognition of male policies; (De)construction of male policies. Conclusion Regardless of the country, gender stereotypes and the inability of managers, health professionals and men themselves to recognize the policy were the main challenges in the construction and insertion of policies for the male population. It is considered necessary to legitimize comprehensive care for men as a social movement and governmental policy, aiming at improving the quality of management and clinical practice.

Reflections on passive smoking and COVID-19.

Despite substantial evidence on the negative effect of active smoking to Covid-19, the impact of passive smoking in the course of disease remains largely unclear. Our aim was to reflect passive smoking as a risk factor in the current pandemic. Studies are needed to increase our knowledge on passive smoking and Covid-19 implications. The reflections current findings strongly support interventions and policies to curb the tobacco epidemic.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and syphilis among homeless people in a large city of Central-Western Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, human immunodeficiency virus-1 genetic diversity, and drug resistance mutations

ABSTRACT Homeless people are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis. We investigated the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and syphilis among homeless individuals in a large city in Central-Western Brazil. In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed and tested 355 individuals from September 2014 to August 2015. Rapid test samples positive for syphilis were retested using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Blood samples from HIV-infected participants were collected for POL sequencing using HIV-1 RNA extracted from plasma, reverse transcription, and nested polymerase chain reaction. Anti-HIV-1-positive samples were subtyped by sequencing the nucleotides of HIV-1 protease and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase genes. Transmitted and acquired drug resistance mutations and susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were also analyzed. Anti-HIV was positive in 14 patients (3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-6.4). HIV-1 RNA was detected in 8 of the 14 samples. Two of the eight (25%) isolates showed HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. Furthermore, 78 (22%; 95% CI: 17.9-26.5) and 29 (8.2%; 95% CI: 5.6-11.4) homeless individuals tested positive for syphilis using the rapid test and VDRL test, respectively. Two individuals were anti-HIV-1 and VDRL test positive. Daily alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.0-10.4), sex with people living with HIV (PLWH) infection (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 1.9-25.0), and sex with people of the same sex (AOR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.7-17.5) were predictors of HIV infection. Age ≤35 years (AOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4-10.8), previous syphilis testing (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.4-8.4), history of genital lesions (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.3-19.1), and crack use in the last six months (AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3-7.6) were predictors of syphilis. Our findings highlight the importance of STI prevention and control strategies among the homeless.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and syphilis among homeless people in a large city of Central-Western Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, human immunodeficiency virus-1 genetic diversity, and drug resistance mutations.

Homeless people are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis. We investigated the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and syphilis among homeless individuals in a large city in Central-Western Brazil. In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed and tested 355 individuals from September 2014 to August 2015. Rapid test samples positive for syphilis were retested using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Blood samples from HIV-infected participants were collected for POL sequencing using HIV-1 RNA extracted from plasma, reverse transcription, and nested polymerase chain reaction. Anti-HIV-1-positive samples were subtyped by sequencing the nucleotides of HIV-1 protease and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase genes. Transmitted and acquired drug resistance mutations and susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were also analyzed. Anti-HIV was positive in 14 patients (3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-6.4). HIV-1 RNA was detected in 8 of the 14 samples. Two of the eight (25%) isolates showed HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. Furthermore, 78 (22%; 95% CI: 17.9-26.5) and 29 (8.2%; 95% CI: 5.6-11.4) homeless individuals tested positive for syphilis using the rapid test and VDRL test, respectively. Two individuals were anti-HIV-1 and VDRL test positive. Daily alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.0-10.4), sex with people living with HIV (PLWH) infection (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 1.9-25.0), and sex with people of the same sex (AOR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.7-17.5) were predictors of HIV infection. Age ≤35 years (AOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4-10.8), previous syphilis testing (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.4-8.4), history of genital lesions (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.3-19.1), and crack use in the last six months (AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3-7.6) were predictors of syphilis. Our findings highlight the importance of STI prevention and control strategies among the homeless.

Untreated dental trauma among homeless people in Midwest Brazil.

Homeless people are usually more exposed to traumatic events that may cause dental injuries than those with more stable housing. Previous studies on the oral health condition of this population group have shown high levels of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss, but evidence on dental trauma is scarce. Furthermore, there is no report from Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of untreated traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among adult homeless people in a Brazilian capital city. A sample of 102 adults attending a public homeless shelter was clinically examined using the criteria of the 2010 Brazilian National Oral Health Survey. TDI was found in 10.8% of the participants, and the most common types of injury were enamel-dentin fractures and avulsion. The overall prevalence was relatively low, but the proportion of anterior tooth loss due to trauma and other reasons shows the need for more appropriate health care for this vulnerable population group.

Reflections on passive smoking and COVID-19

Despite substantial evidence on the negative effect of active smoking to Covid-19, the impact of passive smoking in the course of disease remains largely unclear. Our aim was to reflect passive smoking as a risk factor in the current pandemic. Studies are needed to increase our knowledge on passive smoking and Covid-19 implications. The reflections current findings strongly support interventions and policies to curb the tobacco epidemic.

Análise das doenças crônicas, uso de medicamentos e funcionalidade de idosos em situação de rua / Chronic diseases, the use of medicines and the functionality of homeless elderly perons

Objetivos: analisar a ocorrência de doenças crônicas, uso de medicamentos, parâmetros de funcionalidade e fragilidade em idosos em situação de rua. Material e métodos: estudo descritivo com 12 idosos vivendo em situação de rua, residentes em casas de abrigo e albergues de Goiânia. Os dados foram coletados em formulário padronizado. As variáveis analisadas foram demográficas, de condições de saúde, parâmetros de funcionalidade e parâmetros de fragilidade. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e a comparação de proporções foi realizada no STATA 12.0. O Projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP/UFG. Resultados: foram entrevistados 12 idosos, todos do sexo masculino, em sua maioria na faixa etária de 60-69 anos e com ensino fundamental completo/incompleto. Desses, 50% possuíam três ou mais doenças ­ sendo as mais frequentes hipertensão arterial, depressão (33,3%), diabetes mellitus (25,0%) ­ e 66,7% faziam uso de alguma medicação. Todos os idosos eram frágeis e houve maior prevalência de incapacidade funcional para as Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD). Conclusão: a elevada prevalência de doenças crônicas, incapacidade e fragilidade nos idosos em situação de rua reforça a necessidade de ações específicas para esse grupo e de políticas que acolham suas necessidades de saúde.(AU)

Objectives: To analyze the occurrence of chronic diseases, use of medications, parameters of functionality, and frailty in elderly people living on the streets. Material and methods: Descriptive study with 12 elderly people living on the streets, living in shelters and shelters in Goiânia. The data were collected in a standardized form. The variables analyzed were demographic, health conditions, parameters of functionality, and parameters of frailty. The data were in a descriptive and proportional comparison in STATA 12.0. The Project was approved by CEP / UFG. Results: 12 elderly people were interviewed, all-male, mostly in the age group of 60-69 years old and with complete/incomplete elementary education. Of these, 50% had 3 or more diseases­ the most frequent being Arterial Hypertension, depression (33.3%), Diabetes Mellitus (25.0%) ­ and 66.7% used some medication. All the elderly were fragile and there was a higher prevalence of functional incapacity for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Conclusion: the high prevalence of chronic diseases, disability, and frailty in the elderly on the street reinforces the need for specific actions for this group of policies that address their health needs.(AU)