RESUMO
Raman spectroscopy is a promising method for analyzing natural gas due to its high measurement speed and the potential to monitor all molecular components simultaneously. This paper discusses the features of measurements of samples whose composition varies over a wide range (0.005-100%). Analysis of the concentrations obtained during three weeks of experiments showed that their variation is within the error caused by spectral noise. This result confirms that Raman gas analyzers can operate without frequent calibrations, unlike gas chromatographs. It was found that a variation in the gas composition can change the widths of the spectral lines of methane. As a result, the measurement error of oxygen concentration can reach 200 ppm. It is also shown that neglecting the measurement of pentanes and n-hexane leads to an increase in the calculated concentrations of other alkanes and to errors in the density and heating value of natural gas.
RESUMO
Raman spectroscopy is a unique tool for fast analysis of multicomponent gas media. In this work, we studied the features of application of this method for monitoring the syngas (mixture of CO + H2 + CH4 + CO2 + N2) composition. To determine concentrations, we used contour fit method, where the Raman spectrum of mixture is compared with a synthetically calculated spectrum. The effects of pressure changes and various exposure times on the accuracy of measurements are investigated. It was found that effect of pressure and environment on band contours results in measurement errors several times higher than the errors caused by deviations of the signal intensities.
RESUMO
In the present work, efficiency of classical lens, mirror-lens, and pure mirror variants of the collection optics for a Raman spectrometer based on 90° geometry of scattered light collection is investigated. It is experimentally established that, despite a smaller collection angle, in the case of a relatively narrow input slit of the spectrometer (<100 µm), the lens optics with corrected off-axis and chromatic aberrations allows larger signal intensities to be registered. However, the low f/# mirror collection optics described in the work provide a more stable adjustment and can be used to increase the Raman signal intensities in cases when the image of the scattering volume formed by them is commensurable with the sizes of the input slit of the spectrometer.
RESUMO
In the present work, an improved model of the Raman gas analyzer (RGA) of natural gas (NG) developed by us is described together with its operating principle. The sensitivity has been improved and the number of measurable gases has been expanded. Results of its approbation on a real NG sample are presented for different measurement times. A comparison of the data obtained with the results of chromatographic analysis demonstrates their good agreement. The time stability of the results obtained using this model is analyzed. It is experimentally established that the given RGA can reliably determine the content of all molecular NG components whose content exceeds 0.005% for 100 s; moreover, in this case the limiting sensitivity for some NG components is equal to 0.002%.