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1.
Molecules ; 27(10)2022 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35630709

RESUMO

Foods rich in antioxidants such as lycopene have a major role in maintaining cardiac health. Lycopene, 80% of which can be obtained by consuming a common vegetable such as tomato, can prevent the disturbances that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present work begins with a brief introduction to CVD and lycopene and its various properties such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, etc. In this review, the potential cardio-protective effects of lycopene that reduce the progression of CVD and thrombotic complications are detailed. Further, the protective effects of lycopene including in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials conducted on lycopene for CVD protective effects are explained. Finally, the controversial aspect of lycopene as a protective agent against CVD and toxicity are also mentioned.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Carotenoides/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Licopeno/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco
2.
J Glob Infect Dis ; 13(1): 27-32, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33911449

RESUMO

The present work is an attempt to look at the legal and environmental implications of coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak in India. It looks at both sides of this tragedy focusing specifically on the environmental and legal aspects in the Indian context. However, the article does not refrain from discussing examples of other countries or some global aspects if necessary.

3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(16)2020 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32824367

RESUMO

Physical exercise (PE) improves physical performance, mental status, general health, and well-being. It does so by affecting many mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. PE is beneficial for people suffering from neuro-degenerative diseases because it improves the production of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones. PE promotes neuronal survival and neuroplasticity and also optimizes neuroendocrine and physiological responses to psychosocial and physical stress. PE sensitizes the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS) by promoting many processes such as synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Overall, it carries out many protective and preventive activities such as improvements in memory, cognition, sleep and mood; growth of new blood vessels in nervous system; and the reduction of stress, anxiety, neuro-inflammation, and insulin resistance. In the present work, the protective effects of PE were overviewed. Suitable examples from the current research work in this context are also given in the article.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Exercício Físico , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/prevenção & controle , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Terapia por Exercício , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo
4.
Cell Biol Int ; 43(7): 820-834, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30958601

RESUMO

The pathological mechanism underlying glaucoma has always been a complex aspect of this permanently blinding disease but proteomic studies have been helpful in elucidating it to a great extent in several studies. This study was designed to evaluate the expression and to get an idea about the function of two novel markers (ligatin and fibulin-7) identified in human aqueous humor (hAH) in relation to glaucomatous progression. A significant increase in the protein content of glaucomatous hAH compared to that of non-glaucomatous controls (NG-Ctrls) was observed. Ligatin, fibulin-7, and its proteolysis were revealed in hAH of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and NG-Ctrls. Quantification confirmed no significant difference in expression of ligatin, whereas fibulin-7 was significantly (P < 0.05) low in hAH of PACG in comparison to NG-Ctrls and POAG. Importantly the immunohistochemical assay for both indicated their possible involvement in the maintenance of the appropriate structure of TM in vivo. Since oxidative stress is a major contributor to glaucomatous pathogenesis, in vitro analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions indicated intracellular changes in localization and expression of ligatin upon oxidative insult of human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. While no such changes were found for fibulin-7 expression. This was also corroborated with the immunocytochemical assay. Though a study with a small sample size, this is the first report which confirms the presence of ligatin and fibulin-7 in hAH, quantified their differential expression, and indicated the possibility of their involvement in the maintenance of the TM structure.


Assuntos
Humor Aquoso/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Fator de Iniciação 2 em Eucariotos/metabolismo , Glaucoma de Ângulo Fechado/metabolismo , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Malha Trabecular/metabolismo , Idoso , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Glaucoma de Ângulo Fechado/patologia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/patologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Proteólise , Proteômica
5.
Chem Biol Interact ; 293: 77-88, 2018 Sep 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30040916

RESUMO

The psychoactive property of cannabinoids is well known and there has been a continuous controversy regarding the usage of these compounds for therapeutic purposes all over the world. Their use for medical and research purposes are restricted in various countries. However, their utility as medications should not be overshadowed by its negative physiological activities. This review article is focused on the therapeutic potential and applications of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids. We further highlights their mode of action, overall effects on physiology, various in vitro and in vivo studies that have been done so far and the extent to which these compounds can be useful in different disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, pain, inflammation, glaucoma and many others. Thus, this work is an attempt to make the readers understand the positive implications of these compounds and indicates the significant developments of utilizing cannabinoids as therapeutic agents.


Assuntos
Canabinoides/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Canabinoides/efeitos adversos , Canabinoides/química , Cardiomiopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatias/patologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Endocanabinoides/química , Endocanabinoides/uso terapêutico , Oftalmopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Oftalmopatias/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/patologia , Receptores de Canabinoides/química , Receptores de Canabinoides/metabolismo
6.
Sci Rep ; 6: 31492, 2016 08 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27526963

RESUMO

The steady rise in antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to global public health by hindering treatment of an escalating spectrum of infections. We have previously established the potent activity of α-MSH, a 13 residue antimicrobial peptide, against the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we sought to determine whether an increase in cationic charge in α-MSH could contribute towards improving its staphylocidal potential by increasing its interaction with anionic bacterial membranes. For this we designed novel α-MSH analogues by replacing polar uncharged residues with lysine and alanine. Similar to α-MSH, the designed peptides preserved turn/random coil conformation in artificial bacterial mimic 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (7:3, w/w) vesicles and showed preferential insertion in the hydrophobic core of anionic membranes. Increased cationic charge resulted in considerable augmentation of antibacterial potency against MSSA and MRSA. With ~18-fold better binding than α-MSH to bacterial mimic vesicles, the most charged peptide KKK-MSH showed enhanced membrane permeabilization and depolarization activity against intact S. aureus. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a membrane disruptive mode of action for KKK-MSH. Overall, increasing the cationic charge improved the staphylocidal activity of α-MSH without compromising its cell selectivity. The present study would help in designing more effective α-MSH-based peptides to combat clinically relevant staphylococcal infections.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cátions/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-MSH/química , alfa-MSH/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Ligação Proteica , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , alfa-MSH/metabolismo
7.
Cell Biol Int ; 40(7): 821-31, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27109893

RESUMO

Cancer cells exhibit various degrees of mitochondrial metabolic alterations. Owing to their multiple roles, mitochondria are attractive target for cancer therapy. Cancerous cells have high glucose (HG) requirements for their growth. Depriving them of glucose has been an approach used in many studies to restrict their perpetuation. However, such deprivation can negatively affect the surrounding normal cells in vivo. Keeping this in view, we treated HeLa cells with only physiological glucose (PG, 5.5 mM) and a combination of physiological glucose with a very low dose (1 nM) of rotenone (PGT), taking high glucose (HG, 25 mM)-treated HeLa cells as normal. We demonstrated that HeLa cells under PG condition mainly exhibited growth arrest. The PGT combination induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by generation of ROS, decrease in ATP production even with around 1.89-fold increase in glucose consumption, cell cycle arrest at S-phase and substantial increase in sub-diploid (Sub-D) population. The oxidative stress generated in both PG and PGT conditions stabilised p53 by localising it in the nuclei of HeLa cells, which would have otherwise undergone HPV-mediated inactivation. Pre-mature senescence induced due to limited glucose availability was found to be regulated by nuclear translocated p53 which, in turn, induced p21, pAkt and pERK. The cyto-toxic effect of rotenone on glucose deprived HeLa cells, synergistically activated NFκB, caspase-3 and Bax along with reduced expression of hyaluronan, a ROS scavenging molecule on their cell surface. Thus, our finding might be a valuable approach to specifically target cancerous cells in a more physiologically feasible condition and can serve as a relevant biochemical basis to gain new insights into cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo I de Transporte de Elétrons/antagonistas & inibidores , Glucose/deficiência , Rotenona/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspases/metabolismo , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo I de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Células HeLa , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Cell Biol Int ; 40(1): 107-20, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26524696

RESUMO

This study aimed to determine whether the prolonged exposure of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line to a low dose (1 nM) of rotenone could simulate a glaucomatous-like condition and serve as a cellular model for its etiological analysis. Under 1-nM rotenone exposure for 24-72 h, HTM cells showed a decrease in cell viability as assessed by an MTT assay and showed mitochondrial dysfunction as assessed by measuring H2 DCFDA fluorescence; a decrease in ATP level was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in cellular size and granularity. Elevated AF showed initial senescence. LF staining with SBB and its spectrofluorometric quantification confirmed growth arrest. An accumulation of cytoplasmic myocilin, IL-6, and MMP-9 at 72 h of exposure supported glaucomatous induction. TEM revealed morphological changes in mitochondria and nuclei of treated cells. Signaling cascades were assessed by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analysis. This study showed a shift in status of the cells from initial senescence to induction of apoptosis in the HTM cell line due to continuous low-dose exposure to rotenone; however, at 72 h, both senescence and apoptotic features are apparent in these cells. This is the first report that reveals the potential of a prolonged low-dose exposure of rotenone to simulate senescence in the HTM cell line to cause a glaucomatous condition.


Assuntos
Glaucoma/etiologia , Rotenona/farmacologia , Malha Trabecular/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Glaucoma/induzido quimicamente , Glaucoma/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais , Malha Trabecular/citologia , Malha Trabecular/metabolismo
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