Multianalytical Approach to Understand Polyphenol-Mal d 1 Interactions to Predict Their Impact on the Allergenic Potential of Apples.

Interactions between phenolic compounds and the allergen Mal d 1 are discussed to be the reason for better tolerance of apple cultivars, which are rich in polyphenols. Because Mal d 1 is susceptible to proteolytic digestion and allergenic symptoms are usually restricted to the mouth and throat area, the release of native Mal d 1 during the oral phase is of particular interest. Therefore, we studied the release of Mal d 1 under different in vitro oral digestion conditions and revealed that only 6-15% of the total Mal d 1 present in apples is released. To investigate proposed polyphenol-Mal d 1 interactions, various analytical methods, e.g., isothermal titration calorimetry, 1H-15N-HSQC NMR, and untargeted mass spectrometry, were applied. For monomeric polyphenols, only limited noncovalent interactions were observed, whereas oligomeric polyphenols and browning products caused aggregation. While covalent modifications were not detectable in apple samples, a Michael addition of epicatechin at cysteine 107 in r-Mal d 1.01 was observed.

[Registered nurses' experience of necessary performed and missed nursing care: a qualitative study]. / Erleben von Pflegefachpersonen in Bezug auf durchgeführte und versäumte Pflege.

Registered nurses' experience of necessary performed and missed nursing care: a qualitative study Abstract: Background: Providing high quality care based on their caring attitude is essential for nurses. Missed Care can cause feelings of guilt and dissatisfaction among them. Studies on their experiential transition between fully performed and missed care are lacking. They may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of influencing factors and the impact on nurses' experience. Aim: The aim was to explore how nurses at a centre hospital in German-speaking Switzerland describe performance of nursing interventions in terms of the different expressions between performed and missed care. Methods: Between September 2020 and March 2021 the first author conducted eleven qualitative guide-based individual interviews with registered nurses which were analysed using Mayring's qualitative content analysis and knowledge maps. Results: The analysis resulted in five main categories: Optimal care, satisfaction in mediocrity, a huge lack, patients' reactions and influencing factors. Nurses described, in addition to personal experience and expertise, different coping strategies to prevent missed care and maintain patients' and their own satisfaction. Conclusions: In addition to interventions that can prevent missed care, nurses' experience of performed care should be explored further. This can deepen the understanding of its relationship with professional caring attitudes as well as with patient-related and professional satisfaction.

Bioaccessibility of Apple Polyphenols from Peel and Flesh during Oral Digestion.

Health benefits of apple polyphenols for different chronic diseases are postulated. To exert bioactive properties, absorption into the body is required (bioavailability), which is strongly influenced by matrix release (bioaccessibility). For seven apple varieties, in vitro experiments with simulated saliva fluid (SSF) and ex vivo digestion with centrifuged human saliva were conducted. Polyphenol characterization (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and quantification (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection) was related to an aqueous methanolic extraction. A polyphenol release of 63-82% from flesh and 42-58% from peel was estimated. While hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were released in total, a significant retention was observed for flavanes and flavones. In particular, procyanidins were retained with increasing molecular weight. The data reveal a considerable polyphenol release during the oral digestion; however, differences among the varieties as well as flesh and peel were obvious. Due to negligible differences between both digestion media, the data supported the use of SSF instead of human saliva in further experiments.