[Artificial intelligence and its applications in medicine I: introductory background to AI and robotics]. / La inteligencia artificial y sus aplicaciones en medicina I: introducción antecedentes a la IA y robótica.

Technology and medicine follow a parallel path during the last decades. Technological advances are changing the concept of health and health needs are influencing the development of technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is made up of a series of sufficiently trained logical algorithms from which machines are capable of making decisions for specific cases based on general rules. This technology has applications in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with an individualized prognostic evaluation of them. Furthermore, if we combine this technology with robotics, we can create intelligent machines that make more efficient diagnostic proposals in their work. Therefore, AI is going to be a technology present in our daily work through machines or computer programs, which in a more or less transparent way for the user, will become a daily reality in health processes. Health professionals have to know this technology, its advantages and disadvantages, because it will be an integral part of our work. In these two articles we intend to give a basic vision of this technology adapted to doctors with a review of its history and evolution, its real applications at the present time and a vision of a future in which AI and Big Data will shape the personalized medicine that will characterize the 21st century.

Knowledge acquisition for medical diagnosis using collective intelligence.

The wisdom of the crowds (WOC) is the process of taking into account the collective opinion of a group of individuals rather than a single expert to answer a question. Based on this assumption, the use of processes based on WOC techniques to collect new biomedical knowledge represents a challenging and cutting-edge trend on biomedical knowledge acquisition. The work presented in this paper shows a new schema to collect diagnosis information in Diagnosis Decision Support Systems (DDSS) based on collective intelligence and consensus methods.

El correo electrónico en la relación médico-paciente: uso y recomendaciones generales / E-mail in the doctor -patient relationship: use and general recommendations

No disponible

¿Qué papel desempeña la atención primaria en el abordaje y el control de nuevas enfermedades? Gripe aviar, síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, bioterrorismo y otras / What is the role of primary care in the diagnosis and monitoring of new diseases? Avian flu, serious acute respiratory syndrome, bioterrorism, and others

No disponible

Papel de la atención primaria en el abordaje del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SRAS)

No disponible

[Anemia in primary care: etiology and morphological characteristics]. / Anemias en atención primaria: etiología y características morfológicas.

OBJECTIVE: To find the morphological characteristics and causes of the types of anaemia seen at a primary care centre. DESIGN: Descriptive, observational study. SETTING: Urban health centre. PATIENTS: People attending for a year who had an anaemia defined by haemoglobin figures below 13 g/dl in males and 12 g/dl in women. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 152 patients with anaemia were identified. The most common types of anaemia were iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia due to chronic illness (ACI) and post-haemorrhage anaemia (48%, 26.3% and 6.6%, respectively). Anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficit was detected in four patients, Thalassaemia minor in two, haemolytic anaemia in two, and a refractory anaemia in one patient. The most common cause of IDA was gynaecological in origin; and the commonest cause of ACI was neoplasm. The main findings of digestive origin in IDA were oesophagitis in two patients, duodenal ulcer in one, erosive gastritis in one, gastric neoplasm in one, colonic neoplasm in two and Crohn's disease in one. 13.7% of the anaemia studied in PC required hospital referral. CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia is a common health problem in primary care (PC), with a rough incidence of one case per month per doctor. Its main types are iron-deficiency anaemia and anaemia due to chronic illness. Most cases were detected in PC and most can be studied properly at this care level.

Papel de las nuevas fluoroquinolonas en las infecciones respiratorias en atención primaria / Role of the new fluorquilnolones in respiratory infections in primary care

No disponible

Anemias en atención primaria: etiología y características morfológicas / Anaemia in primary care: aetiology and morphological characteristics

Objetivo. Conocer las características morfológicas y causales de las anemias que se presentan en un centro de asistencia primaria (CAP). Diseño. Estudio observacional, descriptivo. Emplazamiento. Centro de salud urbano. Pacientes. Personas atendidas durante un año que presentaban una anemia definida por cifras de hemoglobina inferiores a 13 g/dl en el varón y 12 en la mujer. Mediciones y resultados principales. Se identificaron 152 pacientes con anemia. Los tipos de anemia más frecuentes fueron anemia ferropénica (AF), anemia por enfermedad crónica (AEC) y anemia posthemorrágica (48, 26,3 y 6,6 por ciento, respectivamente). Se detectó anemia por déficit de vitamina B12 en 4 pacientes, talasemia menor en 2, anemia hemolítica en 2 y anemia refractaria en un paciente. El origen ginecológico fue la causa más habitual de AF y las neoplasias de AEC. Los principales hallazgos en las AF de origen digestivo fueron esofagitis en 2 pacientes, ulcus duodenal en uno, gastritis erosiva en uno, neoplasia gástrica en uno, neoplasia de colon en 2 y enfermedad de Crohn en uno. Un 13,7 por ciento de las anemias estudiadas en AP precisaron derivación hospitalaria. Conclusiones. La anemia es un problema de salud frecuente en atención primaria (AP), con una incidencia aproximada de un caso al mes por médico. Sus principales causas son la AF y la AEC. La mayor parte de los casos se detectan en AP y la mayoría de ellos pueden estudiarse adecuadamente en este ámbito (AU)