Global cross-cultural validation of a brief measure for identifying potential suicide risk in 42 countries.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. RESULTS: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.

Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación del Salt Knowledge Questionnaire al idioma español / Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Salt Knowledge Questionnaire to the Spanish language

Introducción: Para disminuir el consumo de sal en países hispanohablantes es necesario saber el nivel de conocimientos de la población respecto a la sal. Sin embargo, no existen herramientas de medición de conocimientos sobre sal en español y la única herramienta válida de medición es el Salt Knowledge Questionnaire (SKQ), de origen australiano y en idioma inglés. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de validación en 3 fases: (fase 1) traducción de la versión australiana original al español; (fase 2) adaptación cultural basándonos en una población hispanohablante como Perú y siguiendo criterios usados en el desarrollo del cuestionario original que fue evaluado por un grupo de expertos; (fase 3) la validez de constructo comparando los puntajes de 3 grupos (expertos, estudiantes de medicina y no expertos) y la fiabilidad realizando un test-retest. Resultados: La traducción del SKQ al español mantuvo una equivalencia semántica con el cuestionario original y la adaptación cultural fue aceptada por un grupo de expertos. El SKQ permite discriminar entre los que saben y los que no, ya que se encontró diferencias de puntajes entre los grupos de expertos, estudiantes y no expertos (p < 0,001). Se encontró una buena consistencia interna global del instrumento (KR20 = 0,69) y una correlación intraclase global buena (0,79), sin variaciones de puntajes en test-retest (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: El cuestionario SKQ en español es válido, confiable y es una primera herramienta adecuada para medir conocimientos sobre la sal en idioma español, considerando que es posible adaptarlo culturalmente de acuerdo con el país hispanohablante que desee usarlo

Introduction: In order to reduce salt consumption in Spanish speaking countries it is necessary to know the level of salt knowledge in the population. However, there are no tools in Spanish to measure salt knowledge, but the only valid tool of measurement is the 'Salt Knowledge Questionnaire' (SKQ) developed in Australia, in English. Materials and methods: A validation study was conducted in three phases: (Phase 1) Translation of the original Australian version into Spanish; (Phase 2) Cultural adaptation based on a Spanish-speaking population such as Peru and following criteria used in the development of the original questionnaire which was evaluated by a panel of experts; (Phase 3) Construct validity by comparing the scores of three groups (experts, medical students and non-experts) and reliability by performing a test retest. Results: The translation of the SKQ into Spanish maintained a semantic equivalence with the original questionnaire and a panel of experts accepted the cultural adaptation. The SKQ enables discrimination between those who know and those who do not because differences of scores were found between the group of experts, students and non-experts (P<.001). A good overall internal consistency of the instrument was found (KR20 = 0.69) and a good overall intraclass correlation (0.79) and no test variations in test-retest (P > .05). Conclusions: The SKQ questionnaire in Spanish is valid, reliable and is a suitable first tool to measure knowledge about salt in the Spanish language. It is considered possible to adapt it culturally to the Spanish-speaking country that wishes to use it

[Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Salt Knowledge Questionnaire to the Spanish language]. / Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación del Salt Knowledge Questionnaire al idioma español.

INTRODUCTION: In order to reduce salt consumption in Spanish speaking countries it is necessary to know the level of salt knowledge in the population. However, there are no tools in Spanish to measure salt knowledge, but the only valid tool of measurement is the 'Salt Knowledge Questionnaire' (SKQ) developed in Australia, in English. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A validation study was conducted in three phases: (Phase1) Translation of the original Australian version into Spanish; (Phase2) Cultural adaptation based on a Spanish-speaking population such as Peru and following criteria used in the development of the original questionnaire which was evaluated by a panel of experts; (Phase3) Construct validity by comparing the scores of three groups (experts, medical students and non-experts) and reliability by performing a test retest. RESULTS: The translation of the SKQ into Spanish maintained a semantic equivalence with the original questionnaire and a panel of experts accepted the cultural adaptation. The SKQ enables discrimination between those who know and those who do not because differences of scores were found between the group of experts, students and non-experts (P<.001). A good overall internal consistency of the instrument was found (KR20=0.69) and a good overall intraclass correlation (0.79) and no test variations in test-retest (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: The SKQ questionnaire in Spanish is valid, reliable and is a suitable first tool to measure knowledge about salt in the Spanish language. It is considered possible to adapt it culturally to the Spanish-speaking country that wishes to use it.

Falta de adherencia al tratamiento fisioterapéutico en pacientes con trastornos musculoesqueléticos en una clínica docente en Lima, Perú / Non-adherence to physiotherapy treatment in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in a teaching clinic from Lima, Perú

Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a la falta de adherencia al tratamiento fisioterapéutico en pacientes con dolor y trastornos músculo esqueléticos que asisten a una clínica docente en Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, incluyó a todos los pacientes nuevos atendidos por dolor y trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el periodo 2012-2014. Se midieron la falta de adherencia (asistencia menor a las 8 sesiones indicadas) y los factores demográficos. Se calcularon los riesgos relativos crudos y ajustados (RRa). Resultados: Se incluyó a 549 pacientes, el 68,3% fueron mujeres, el 37,2% tuvo 60 o más años, las lesiones más frecuentes se ubicaron en el miembro inferior (34,2%) y el dorso lumbar (24,6%). Se encontró una incidencia de falta de adherencia de 56,4% (IC del 95%, 52,2 a 60,7%) y estuvo asociada a residir lejos de la clínica (RRa: 1,34; IC del 95%, 1,16 a 1,57) y tener menos de 40 años (RRa: 1,27; IC del 95%, 1,04 a 1,54). Conclusión: Existe una alta incidencia de falta de adherencia al tratamiento fisioterapéutico relacionado con la distancia y la edad de los pacientes, por lo que se deben buscar estrategias para aumentar la adherencia

Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors associated to the non-adherence to physiotherapy treatment in patients with pain and musculoskeletal disorders attending a Teaching Clinic in Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study, it included all new patients seen by pain and skeletal muscle disorders in period 2012-2014. Non adherence was measured (less than 8 sessions attended) and demographic factors. Crude and adjusted relative risks were calculates (aRR). Results: We included 549 patients: 68.3% were women, 37.2% were 60 or older, the most frequent injuries were located in the legs (34.2%) and lumbar (24.6%). We found an incidence of non-adherence of 56.4% (95% CI: 52.2 to 60.7%) and it was associated with residing far away from the clinic (aRR:1.34; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.57) and with being less than 40 years (aRR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.54). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of non-adherence to physiotherapy related to distance and age of patients, so strategies to increase adherence must be found

Maloclusión, trastorno temporomandibular y su asociación a la cervicalgia / Malocclusion, temporomandibular disorder and their association with neck pain

Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre la maloclusión y el trastorno temporomandibular (TTM) con la cervicalgia en los pacientes que asistían al área odontológica de una clínica de Odontología. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en Lima, Perú. La población fue conformada por pacientes que asistían a una clínica odontológica, a quienes se evaluó el autorreporte de cervicalgia en los últimos 3 meses, el TTM con el índice de Fonseca, los tipos de maloclusión con la evaluación odontológica registrada en su historia clínica, así como hábitos orales y falta de piezas dentarias. Se evaluó la asociación calculando las razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa). Resultados: Se incluyó a 215 personas, cuya edad media ± desviación estándar fue de 33,1 ± 12,4 años y la mayoría fueron mujeres (69,3%). La prevalencia de cervicalgia fue del 64,2; el 79,1% tuvo algún grado de TTM y el 97,7% maloclusión. Tener TTM estuvo asociado a cervicalgia, tanto moderada como severa (RPa: 6,65; IC del 95%, 3,17-13,95), como leve (RPa: 4,88; IC del 95%, 2,29-10,41). No se halló asociación entre maloclusión y cervicalgia (RPa: 0,89; IC del 95%, 0,71-1,13). Otro factor asociado fue la ausencia de 3 o más dientes (RPa: 1,25; IC del 95%, 1,01-1,56). Conclusiones: La cervicalgia está asociada al TTM pero no a la maloclusión, por lo que se recomienda un trabajo coordinado entre odontólogos y fisioterapeutas en el manejo de la TTM y cervicalgia para tratar integralmente a estos pacientes

Objective: This study has aimed to estimate the association between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorder with neck pain in patients seen in the area of odontology in an Odontology clinic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional was performed in Lima, Peru. The population was composed of patients attending a dental clinic. During the last three months, assessment was made of self-reported neck pain, the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with the index of Fonseca, types of malocclusion with dental assessment recorded in their medical history, oral habits and lack of teeth. The association was evaluated by estimating the established prevalence reasons (RPa). Results: The study included 215 people, whose mean age was 33.1 ± 12.4 years old. Most of the subjects were women (69.3%). Prevalence of neck pain was 64.2%, 79.1% had some degree of TMD and 97.7% malocclusion. Having TMD was associated with neck pain, both moderate as severe (OR: 6.65, 95% CI: 3.17-3.95) and mild (OR: 4.88 95%, 95% CI: 2.29-10.41). No association between malocclusion and neck pain (95% CI: 0, 71-1, 13 OR 0.89) was found. Another associated factor was the absence of 3 or more teeth (OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.56). Conclusions: Neck pain is associated with TMD but not with malocclusion. Therefore, a coordinated work between dentists and physiotherapists in the management of TMD and neck pain is recommended in order to comprehensively treat these patients