[Stability of bituminous-salt mass-washing sarin, soman, and Russian VX destruction products in the aquatic environment and their effects of the sanitary conditions of water supplies].

The water environmental stability of O-isopropylmethyl phosphonate, O-pinacolylmethyl phosphonate, and O-isobutylmethyl phosphonate was studied. The very high hydrolytic stability of these products was established. The threshold and non-effective concentrations of O-isopropylmethyl phosphonate, O-pinacolylmethyl phosphonate, and O-isobutylmethyl phosphonate were determined, which affected the sanitary conditions of water bodies.

[Contribution of Communal Hygiene Department to creation and development of norm-setting basis of water sanitary legislation]. / Vklad kafedry kommunal'noi gigieny v sozdanie i razvitie normativnoi bazy vodno-sanitarnogo zakonodatel'stva.

Legal regulation of problems related to drinking water supply to the population is a pressing social problem, particularly during the transitional period of Russian economic development. Communal Hygiene Department participated in the formation and development of norm-setting base of drinking water supply to the population since the thirties. During recent 5 years the Department contributed to development of the "Law on Drinking Water and Drinking Water Supply" (the first in Russia), basic normative legislative acts regulating hygienic requirements to drinking water quality, choice and exploitation of sources of drinking water supply, zones of their sanitary protection, and many methodological documents. The paper sums up the principal basis of new generation documents of sanitary legislation concerning water.

[The effect of chronic butyphos poisoning on protein and nucleic acid synthesis in various rat organs and activity of blood cholinesterase]. / Vliianie khronicheskoi intoksikatsii butifosom na sintez belka i nukleinovykh kislot v razlichnykh organakh krys i aktivnost' kholinésterazy krovi.

Two doses of butyphos (1/10 and 1/50 LD50) were administered into rats within 6 months. Content of DNA was distinctly decreased in liver and kidney tissues within the first 2 weeks of the pesticide administration. Then DNA synthesis was increased 2-fold in liver tissue and remained high during all the 6 months of intoxication. Protein synthesis was increased in liver tissue within 3 months of the administration and remained elevated up to the end of experiment. High rate of protein synthesis, found in kidney and spleen tissues at the initial steps, was markedly decreased within 6 months. Content of DNA and RNA was decreased in the tissues studied within 1 month of the intoxication and restored within 3 months, while it remained at considerably lower level in liver and spleen tissues as compared with control values. Cholinesterase activity was lowered by 90% in blood within 11 weeks with the subsequent increase; but in the experimental group intoxicated with butyphos at 1/10 LD50 the enzymatic activity constituted only 60% of control values within 6 months. Histological study showed development of necrodystrophy in liver tissue and of fibroplastic glomerulonephritis in kidney. The deteriorating effect of butyphos on cellular genome functions appears to relate not only to its cytotoxicity but also to the cancerogenic and mutagenic properties of the pesticide.

[Peculiarities of alkyl tin effects on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria]. / Osobennosti deistviia olovoalkilov na dykhanie i okislitel'noe fosforilirovanie mitokhondrii pecheni krys.

Electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation were studied as affected by tinalkyls. It is shown that all of them inhibit effectively respiration of the rat liver mitochondria. The action of bis(tributyl tin)oxide and dibutyl diisooctyl thioglycolate tin on the mitochondria in a state of dissociation is localized in the terminal step of the respiration chain. The other alkyls act in the site located before cytocrome c. The effect of bis (tributyl tin) oxide on both the ADP-activated respiration and DNP-activated ATPase of intact mitochondria is similar to that of oligomycin. These effects might be explained by the presence two electrophilic centres in a molecule of this compound.