Pulmonary AVM: Thromboembolic stroke of the cerebellum from a R to L pulmonary shunt.

Here is a case of a Pulmonary AVM in a female presenting with sudden onset of dizziness and vomiting most likely secondary to a paradoxical emboli causing an ischemic stroke of the cerebellum.

Delayed brain injury post carbon monoxide poisoning.

A 66-year-old male was found unresponsive and diagnosed with acute carbon monoxide poisoning, with pathognomonic findings on radiological imaging. During his first day's the patient underwent acute neurological deterioration; however, this was followed 2 weeks later with a subsequent improvement to near baseline. The improvement back to baseline was short-lived, and the patient quickly worsened and underwent neurological decompensation. These findings were consistent with delayed post hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, serious sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning. This case report shows the importance of recognition of carbon monoxide toxicity and aims to improve accurate diagnosis of the sequelae that may follow using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging sequences, magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to prevent or ameliorate further neurological decline.

More than Just Pneumonia: Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Two Middle-Aged Patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Although severe pneumonia and respiratory compromise have remained the predominant complications of coronavirus disease 19, we are now learning this virus is much more varied in its presentation. In particular, there are increasingly reported cases of thromboembolic events occurring in infected patients. Case Report. In this report, we present two patients, both under the age of 40 with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism, who presented with respiratory distress. Both patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and pulmonary embolism requiring management with anticoagulation. Both patients were discharged after a short course in the hospital. CONCLUSION: The discussion of a hypercoagulable state induced by coronavirus disease 19 has been well documented; however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. We suspect that a prothrombotic inflammatory response provoked by coronavirus disease could be the culprit, acting as an additive effect on middle-aged patients with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism. We recommend clinicians closely monitor those with known risk factors for pulmonary embolism.

A 30-year-old male with COVID-19 presenting with seizures and leukoencephalopathy.

First reported in Wuhan, China, Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 rapidly spread causing an outbreak of viral pneumonia and became a pandemic in early 2020. It was later discovered to be caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, a novel coronavirus. Although the vast majority of cases have primarily involved the respiratory system, some serious cases have started to emerge with central and peripheral nervous system complications. We present the case of a 30-year-old morbidly obese male who initially presented to the emergency department with seizures, altered mental status, and COVID-19 pneumonia. After a 21-day hospital course including 14 days of intensive care unit management, he was stabilized and discharged to a rehabilitation facility. He returned 1 day later with worsening respiratory distress and was found to have acute pulmonary embolism requiring placement of an inferior vena cava filter. After an additional 6 days in the hospital, he was discharged back to the outpatient facility. He returned for a third time with altered mental status, visual and auditory hallucinations, and confabulation. This report provides critical information in revealing a peculiar neurological sequela of COVID-19 induced leukoencephalopathy and its disease course. We hope to shed light on this sequence of events by providing possible mechanisms to aid clinicians in the identification and management of this complication.