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Successful endodontic treatment relies upon a thorough knowledge of root canal anatomical variations along with proper diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical expertise. One of the difficult root canal configurations that are frequently encountered commonly in mandibular second molars is C-shaped root canal. Due to the intricate root canal configuration, it is often difficult to negotiate, debride, and obturate such canals leading to failure of root canal treatment. Understanding the anatomical variation and adequate visualization will enable the clinician to manage these cases effectively. Advanced irrigation and obturation techniques help in managing such anomalous canal configurations. This article presents the management of two different C-shaped root canal configurations under dental operating microscope using thermoplasticized obturation techniques.
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BACKGROUND: Root-end resection followed by retrofilling is one of the prime requisites to avoid apical microleakage. AIM: It comparatively evaluated the microleakage after root-end resection by erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser and carbide bur with or without placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 60 maxillary central incisors were decoronated and biomechanically prepared. Out of 60 samples, 48 were included in the experimental group while the rest 12 were in the control group. The samples in the experimental group were obturated, whereas the samples in the control group were not obturated. The experimental group samples were divided into two: one group resected with the laser and the other half resected with carbide bur. These groups were further subdivided into two - one group retrofilled with MTA and the other half without MTA. The control group had both laser- and carbide bur-resected samples with positive and negative controls. All the samples were dyed, decalcified, and cleared. Digital photograph of each sample was taken, and the area of dye penetration was measured with the help of ImageJ software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were done. RESULTS: The highest microleakage was seen in carbide without MTA and the least was seen with laser with MTA. CONCLUSION: Laser-resected MTA-retrofilled samples showed minimum leakage.
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CONTEXT: Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most common dental problems encountered regularly. This commonly appearing condition is quite difficult to treat satisfactorily, and so, a large number of techniques and therapeutic alternatives constantly are being proposed to relieve it. However, till date, the search for an ideal agent is on. Various laser systems have been discussed as a new treatment option for dentin hypersensitivity. Researchers are claiming good prognosis with lasers. Treatment with soft tissue lasers is being practiced for some time and is well documented. However, the use of Er, Cr:YSGG laser for desensitization purpose is new, and the available data on clinical outcome are limited. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to test and compare the efficacy of a fluoride varnish, a dentin bonding agent, and Er, Cr: YSGG laser in treating noncarious cervical hypersensitivity, in vivo. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Fifty patients aged between 25 and 55 years complaining of dentinal hypersensitivity who reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, participated in this study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sensitive teeth in each patient were randomly divided into three treatment groups: Group 1 treated with fluoride varnishGroup 2 treated with dentin bonding agentGroup 3 treated with Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Hypersensitivity assessment was done pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 1 day, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postoperatively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data obtained were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the paired and unpaired t-test. RESULTS: In all the treatment groups, there was significant decrease in mean hypersensitivity scores from pretreatment values after 4 weeks. The posttreatment hypersensitivity scores of Group 3 were minimum for all three test stimuli followed by Group 2 and Group 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: All the three treatment agents, namely fluoride varnish, dentin bonding agent, and Er, Cr:YSGG laser, were effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity. Least recurrence in hypersensitivity occurred in the laser-treated group. Even where recurrences did occur, hypersensitivity did not return to pretreatment value and occurred more in those cases exhibiting high pretreatment sensitivity.
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Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of salivary gland origin involving both major and minor glands. Though parotid is the most common site of origin, it has been reported to arise from various unusual locations. Incidence of its origin in the respiratory tract is extremely rare, and the occurrence is even lower in the maxillary sinus. We report a case of a huge antral pleomorphic adenoma in a 33-year-old male patient presented as a swelling in the maxilla which was mistaken of odontogenic origin. Histological findings showed extensive ossification and hyalinization of the stroma as a striking feature. The patient has undergone hemimaxillectomy and is in 8 months follow-up without any sign and symptom of recurrence.
