Amplatzer Muscular VSD Occluder for catheter closure of a 20 mm hypertensive patent ductus arteriosus. A case report and literature review.

The treatment of very large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was thought to be solely surgical. There is not enough experience in transcatheter closure of large hypertensive PDA. In this report, successful catheter closure of a large and hypertensive ductus using the Amplatzer Muscular VSD Occluder and a literature review are presented.

Hematocrit and stroke in black Africans under tropical climate and meteorological influence.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between hematocrit and risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke in conjunction with meteorological variations. DESIGN: Prospective study of a series of Africans living in Kinshasa, Congo, followed up for 5 years. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,032 unselected patients consecutively admitted to hospitals for acute stroke. Main outcome measures. Fatal and non-fatal ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. The association of hematocrit with stroke morbidity and mortality and meteorological variables were evaluated by simple or multiple linear regression and logistic regression. RESULTS: Patients were aged 53.7 +/- 12.1 years. Hematocrit was mostly correlated with mean ambient air temperature (r = 0.124; p < 0.001) and atmospheric pressure at 6 a.m GMT (r = 0.157; p < 0.001). Patients with hematocrit > 40% presented the highest levels of systolic blood pressure, fibrinogen, body temperature, resting heart rate, duration of coma and incidence of all stroke types and ischemic stroke (p < 0.001). Hematocrit > 40% was associated with stroke mortality (Odds ratio, 6.2, 4.5-8.6; p < 0.001). The risk of stroke mortality was multiplied by 21, 18.3 and 4.2 in conditions of a mean ambient air temperature > 28 degrees C, atmospheric pressure 975-977 mm Hg and body temperature > 37 degrees C respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that higher hematocrit is associated with an increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality, particularly ischemic stroke at noon. This risk is probably mediated by increased susceptibility of African older hypertensive subjects to meteorological variations.

J-shaped relationship between mortality and admission blood pressure in black patients with acute stroke.

AIM: The charts of 388 patients admitted for a recent stroke at the University of Kinshasa Hospital, Department of Medicine, were analysed to assess the case fatality rate and its determinants. RESULTS: During the hospitalization period (average 31 days), 169 deaths (44%) were recorded. Mortality was higher (P<0.05) in women (54%) than in men (42%), in haemorrhagic (61%) than in ischaemic (26%) strokes, and in patients with depressed consciousness, motor deficits, tachycardia or atrial fibrillation on admission. Mortality increased with advancing age, the depth of coma, the severity of motor deficit and the plasma glucose level on admission. Plasma glucose, urea and the leucocyte count were higher in patients who died than in survivors. Patients with and without a history of hypertension, diabetes or stroke recurrence had similar mortality rates. The latter tended to be higher in smokers and alcohol consumers. Using logistic regression analysis, depressed consciousness (P<0.001), tachycardia (P<0.001), plasma urea on admission (P<0.05) and a history of alcohol consumption (P<0.05) emerged as significant predictors of mortality. Admission systolic/diastolic blood pressure was similar in those who died (177 +/- 41/104 +/- 26 mmHg) and in survivors (171 +/- 41/101 +/- 23 mmHg). However, in the whole study population and in subgroups of patients who were comatose or conscious on admission, mortality showed a J-shaped relationship to admission systolic blood pressure with low rates in the range 160-199 mmHg before and after adjustment for age and sex, higher rates being observed for higher or lower blood pressure ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed consciousness, ECG abnormalities, delayed admission and elevated plasma urea predict a high case fatality rate whereas systolic blood pressure within the range 160-199 mmHg appears to be optimal for survival in the patient group studied.

[Initial arterial pressure and prognosis of cerebrovascular accidents]. / Pression artérielle initiale et pronostic de l'accident vasculaire cérébral.

The present study analysed the charts of the patients admitted for acute stroke and assessed the relation between stroke mortality and initial blood pressure. Of the 388 patients admitted, 169 (44%) died. Mortality increased with advancing age and was higher in women, in hemorrhagic stroke (61%), and in patients with severe neurological deficit on admission. Average blood pressure on admission did not differ between the patients who died and those who survived. However, mortality was 42, 32, 57 and 62% in patients whose admission systolic blood pressure was, respectively, less than 160 mmHg, 160 to 199 mmHg, 200 to 249 mmHg and 250 mmHg or more. It described a similar curve when four categories of admission diastolic blood pressure were constituted. The data indicate a high case fatality rate in stroke patients. Mortality was higher in women; it increased with age and severe neurological deficit. The relation of stroke mortality to admission blood pressure suggests that it is not the lowest in patients with the lowest blood pressure, but in those with blood pressure level allowing the best brain perfusion after the onset of stroke.