Progress in global rollout of new multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatments.

SETTING: The global multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) epidemic has grown over the past decade and continues to be difficult to manage. In response, new drugs and treatment regimens have been recommended.OBJECTIVE: In 2017 and again in 2018, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) drug-resistant (DR) TB Working Group collaborated with RESIST-TB to implement an internet survey to members of The Union around the world to assess access to these new treatment strategies.DESIGN: A nine-question survey was developed using SurveyMonkey®. The survey was open for participation to all members of The Union registered under the TB Section. Two reminders were sent during each survey. The responses were analyzed taking into account the WHO Region to which the respondent belonged.RESULTS: The 2018 survey showed a global increase in implementation of the shorter (9-month) MDR-TB regimen (from 33% to 56% of respondents, P < 0.001) and an increase in the use of bedaquiline and/or delamanid (from 25% to 41% of respondents, P < 0.001) compared to 2017. There were substantial variations in roll-out between WHO regions.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate improvement in global implementation of the new treatment strategies over a 1-year period.

Insights into drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment: results of The Union DR-TB Working Group Survey, 2017.

The past 4 years have seen the introduction of new regimens and new drugs to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). To identify implementation trends over time, the DR-TB Working Group of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), in collaboration with RESIST-TB, launched an online survey to Union members around the world. Survey results showed substantial diversity in treatment roll-out: 36% of respondents stated that their country is using the 9-month regimen for MDR-TB treatment; 41% are using bedaquiline and delamanid, but not the 9-month regimen; 28% are using both; and 22% of respondents indicated that their country does not currently offer either of these treatment options. Survey respondents also identified specific challenges to the introduction of shorter MDR-TB regimens and new drugs, including access to rapid diagnosis of fluoroquinolone resistance and case management. The results of this survey are intended to help identify research and implementation gaps while highlighting the importance of global implementation of scalable regimens for the treatment of MDR-TB.

Les quatre dernières années ont vu l'introduction de nouveaux protocoles et de nouveaux médicaments dans le traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante (TB-MDR). Dans le but d'identifier les tendances de la mise en œuvre dans le temps, le groupe de travail sur la TB résistante de l'Union Internationale contre la tuberculose et les maladies respiratoires (L'Union), en collaboration avec RESIST-TB, a lancé une enquête en ligne auprès des membres de l'Union autour du monde. Les résultats de l'enquête ont montré une grande diversité dans le lancement du traitement : 36% des répondants ont affirmé que leur pays utilisait le protocole de 9 mois pour le traitement de la TB-MDR ; 41% utilisent la bédaquiline et le délamanide, mais pas le protocole de 9 mois ; 28% utilisent les deux ; et 22% des répondants ont indiqué que leur pays n'offrait actuellement aucune de ces options de traitement. Les répondants ont également identifié les défis spécifiques à l'introduction de protocoles plus courts et de nouveaux médicaments de TB-MDR, notamment l'accès à un diagnostic rapide de la résistance aux fluoroquinolones et la prise en charge des cas. Les résultats de cette enquête sont destinés à contribuer à identifier les lacunes en matière de recherche et de mise en œuvre, tout en mettant en lumière l'importance de la mise en œuvre mondiale de protocoles évolutifs pour le traitement de la TB-MDR.

En los últimos 4 años ha tenido lugar la introducción de nuevos esquemas terapéuticos y nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis multirresistente (TB-MDR). Con el propósito de evaluar las tendencias de su aplicación en el transcurso del tiempo, el grupo de trabajo sobre TB farmacorresistente de la Unión Internacional Contra la Tuberculosis y Enfermedades Respiratorias (La Unión), en colaboración con la iniciativa RESIST-TB, emprendió una encuesta en línea dirigida a los miembros de La Unión en todo el mundo. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto una gran diversidad del despliegue del tratamiento. El 36% de quienes respondieron afirmaba que en su país se utiliza el esquema de 9 meses para el tratamiento de la TB-MDR; el 41% utiliza bedaquilina y delamanid, pero no el esquema de 9 meses; el 28% utilizan ambos; y el 22% de quienes respondieron indicaba que en su país no se ofrece en la actualidad ninguna de estas opciones terapéuticas. Las respuestas a la encuesta revelan también dificultades específicas con la introducción de los esquemas más cortos de tratamiento de la TB-MDR y con los nuevos medicamentos, entre ellas el acceso al diagnóstico rápido de la resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas y el manejo de los casos. Los resultados de esta encuesta tienen por finalidad contribuir a reconocer las lagunas en la investigación y en la ejecución y al mismo tiempo destacar la importancia de la introducción mundial de esquemas ampliables de tratamiento de la TB-MDR.

Pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clinical trials: challenges and opportunities.

On June 17, 2016, RESIST-TB, IMPAACT, Vital Strategies, and New Ventures jointly hosted the Pediatric Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinical Trials Landscape Meeting in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The meeting provided updates on current multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) trials targeting pediatric populations and adult trials that have included pediatric patients. A series of presentations were given that discussed site capacity needs, community engagement, and additional interventions necessary for clinical trials to improve the treatment of pediatric MDR-TB. This article presents a summary of topics discussed, including the following: current trials ongoing and planned; the global burden of MDR-TB in children; current regimens for MDR-TB treatment in children; pharmacokinetics of second-line anti-tuberculosis medications in children; design, sample size, and statistical considerations for MDR-TB trials in children; selection of study population, design, and treatment arms for a trial of novel pediatric MDR-TB regimens; practical aspects of pediatric MDR-TB treatment trials; and strategies for integrating children into adult tuberculosis trials. These discussions elucidated barriers to pediatric MDR-TB clinical trials and provided insight into necessary next steps for progress in this field. Investigators and funding agencies need to respond to these recommendations so that important studies can be implemented, leading to improved treatment for children with MDR-TB.