Diminished Adaptation, Satisfaction, and Neural Responses to Advantageous Social Signals in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

BACKGROUND: Development and recurrence of 2 eating disorders (EDs), anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are frequently associated with environmental stressors. Neurobehavioral responses to social learning signals were evaluated in both EDs. METHODS: Women with anorexia nervosa (n = 25), women with bulimia nervosa (n = 30), or healthy comparison women (n = 38) played a neuroeconomic game in which the norm shifted, generating social learning signals (norm prediction errors [NPEs]) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. A Bayesian logistic regression model examined how the probability of offer acceptance depended on cohort, block, and NPEs. Rejection rates, emotion ratings, and neural responses to NPEs were compared across groups. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison group, both ED cohorts showed less adaptation (p = .028, ηp2 = 0.060), and advantageous signals (positive NPEs) led to higher rejection rates (p = .014, ηp2 = 0.077) and less positive emotion ratings (p = .004, ηp2 = 0.111). Advantageous signals increased neural activations in the orbitofrontal cortex for the comparison group but not for women with anorexia nervosa (p = .018, d = 0.655) or bulimia nervosa (p = .043, d = 0.527). More severe ED symptoms were associated with decreased activation of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for advantageous signals. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished neural processing of advantageous social signals and impaired norm adaptation were observed in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, while no differences were found for disadvantageous social signals. Development of neurocognitive interventions to increase responsivity to advantageous social signals could augment current treatments, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes for EDs.

Professionals ready to integrate care (PRI-Care): A mental health training collaborative.

INTRODUCTION: Increasing demand for integrated care necessitates interprofessional training of mental and behavioral professionals. This study examines the effect of an interprofessional training program for social work and counseling trainees (PRI-Care) in 3 areas: interprofessional valuing and socialization, team skills, and professional development, including the interrelationship between these 3 areas. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey-based pre-post design was utilized across 4 cohorts of students participating in the training program from 2018 through 2021. RESULTS: Among 111 students, interprofessional valuing and socialization, team skills, and professional development increased in pre- to post surveys. Older trainees had higher self-perceptions of interprofessional valuing and socialization. Further, higher levels of interprofessional valuing after training predicted higher self-perceived professional development. DISCUSSION: Students entering work in mental and behavioral health benefited from the specialized interprofessional training. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Social Processing in Eating Disorders: Neuroimaging Paradigms and Research Domain Organizational Constructs.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Social and environmental factors have been related to both symptom expression of disordered eating in individuals and changes in the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in populations. Neural differences in processing social information may contribute to EDs. This review assesses the evidence for aberrant neural responses during social processing in EDs. RECENT FINDINGS: This review examines how constructs within the social processing domain have been evaluated by neuroimaging paradigms in EDs, including communication, affiliation, and understanding of both oneself and others. Differences related to social processing in EDs include altered processing for self-relevant stimuli, in the context of identity, valence, expectations, and affiliative relationships. Future work is needed to integrate how differences in processing social stimuli relate to alterations in cognitive control and reward as well as specific disordered eating symptoms.

Nonoperative Treatment of Fracture of the Entire Posterior Process of the Talus With Subtalar Dislocation: Case Report.

Level V, expert opinion.

Removal of Ioban May Pull Bacteria to the Surface of the Skin: Lessons Learned.

CONTEXT: Cutibacterium acnes (C. Acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) are slow growing, gram positive, anaerobic bacilli. C. acnes are found in many locations, both as part of normal skin flora, as well as a contaminant of environmental surfaces. These bacteria have been associated with prosthetic joint infections of the shoulder, and it has been challenging to prevent such infections for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to investigate whether the surgical adhesive dressing Ioban could pull subcutaneous C. acnes bacteria from the surgical field. METHODS: During this quality improvement project, a convenience sample of 16 adult volunteers were gathered from other residency departments and from medical students at our hospital. The volunteers were used to take samples from two sites on each shoulder. The shoulder sites were prepped and covered with iodine-impregnated dressings. RESULTS: There were 26 of 64 (40.6%) samples in the no Ioban group that grew C. acnes. The Ioban group had 37 of 64 (57.8%) samples found to be positive for C. acnes growth. During this project, we identified several key points that could be useful to future researchers working in community hospitals. We describe these lessons concerning ongoing communication with lab and research departments, offering volunteers compensation to participate, interacting with departments unaccustomed to research, and development of a clear methodology. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first time our department had conduct a project utilizing the laboratory as well as volunteers. This came with unforeseen challenges which caused significant time delays. We believe that by highlighting these lessons for future researchers, they might avoid such problems during project activities.