RESUMO
Because the value of usual immune globulin preparations in preventing Type B hepatitis is doubtful, we carried out a double-blind comparison of a control human immune globulin preparation with one--identified as HBIG--that had a high concentration (442 mug per milliliter) of antibodies to surface components of hepatitis B virus. Effectiveness was tested in spouses of patients with acute Type B hepatitis. Within 150 days after injection, nine of 33 spouses in the control group had symptomatic Type B hepatitis, compared with one of 25 spouses receiving HBIG. One non-B case also occurred in the HBIG group. Five control globulin recipients had evidence of subclinical hepatitis B infection, compared with one HBIG recipient. Thus, HBIG appeared effective in suppressing not only disease, but also infection itself. Prophylactic value has been demonstrated in persons who should now be recognized as being at exceptionally high risk.
Assuntos
Anticorpos , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/genética , Hepatite B/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/administração & dosagem , MasculinoRESUMO
A sero-conversion for hepatitis B antibody has resulted from immunization of patas monkeys, guinea pigs, and rabbits with the A-2 plaque virus. This agent was isolated in tissue culture from patient sera that were positive for hepatitis B antigen. The immune response was assayed with techniques of direct and indirect counter-immunoelectrophoresis, and immune electron microscopy.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Formação de Anticorpos , Hepatovirus/imunologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Cobaias , Haplorrinos , Hepatite A/sangue , Antígenos da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hepatovirus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Soros Imunes , Imunização , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Rim , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ácido Fosfotúngstico , Coelhos/imunologia , Radioimunoensaio , Coloração e Rotulagem , Cultura de VírusAssuntos
Antígenos da Hepatite B/análise , Imunoeletroforese , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Doadores de Sangue , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Hepatite/imunologia , Humanos , Soros Imunes , Imunodifusão , Imunoeletroforese/instrumentação , Hepatopatias/imunologia , Métodos , Coelhos/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Populations of reovirus type 1 could not be completely neutralized by exposure to specific antiviral serum. Aggregation of reovirions before or after exposure to neutralizing antibody was discarded as a possible explanation for the phenomenon observed. Anti-rabbit serum and equilibrium zonal density gradient centrifugation were used to show that the residual infectious fraction consisted of infectious antibody-virion complexes. Electron microscopy and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of stock virus preparations were used to attempt to determine whether the infectious virus-antibody complexes resulted from the combination of antibody with virus particles which differed from neutralizable virions either morphologically or with regard to buoyant density. Although electron micrographs revealed the presence of three morphologically distinct classes of virus particles, density gradient centrifugation resulted in only one infectious peak. Density gradient centrifugation of virus exposed to antibody resulted in only one infectious peak which consisted of virus-antibody complexes.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo , Reoviridae/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Cabras/imunologia , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Soros Imunes , Células L , Microscopia Eletrônica , Coelhos/imunologia , Reoviridae/patogenicidade , Ensaio de Placa ViralAssuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Adenoviridae/patogenicidade , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Ceratoconjuntivite/tratamento farmacológico , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Cultura , Embrião de Mamíferos , Humanos , Hibridização Genética , Interferons , Ceratoconjuntivite/microbiologia , Rim , Fígado , Métodos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Recombinação Genética , UltracentrifugaçãoRESUMO
By using cloned types 1 and 2 herpes simplex virus, obtained by selecting large and small plaques produced by material from human lesions, studies were performed to compare properties between preparations of each type. Regarding the rate of inactivation by ultraviolet light, no differences were found between the two antigenic types and none between the preparations obtained from either type. In contrast, type 1 preparations were found to be more readily inactivated at 45 C than type 2. Plaque size of cloned preparations changed by passage in cell culture. A broader range of plaque sizes was obtained, and average plaque size was larger. After 20 passages, preparations obtained from different types gave rise to one of three kinds of cytopathic effect. The cytopathic effect produced by type 1 preparations remained as before 20 passages and consisted of round cells in a compact central mass. For type 2, two kinds of cytopathic effect were seen in cloned preparations. This consisted of aggregates of round cells (seen in preparations before 20 passages) or of large, loose aggregates of round cells of various sizes. Results from neutralization studies using virus before and after 20 passages in cell culture versus antisera prepared against live or ultraviolet-inactivated virus showed no differences between cloned preparations obtained from a given type.